King James Version

What Does John 20:9 Mean?

John 20:9 in the King James Version says “For as yet they knew not the scripture, that he must rise again from the dead. — study this verse from John chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For as yet they knew not the scripture, that he must rise again from the dead.

John 20:9 · KJV


Context

7

And the napkin, that was about his head, not lying with the linen clothes, but wrapped together in a place by itself .

8

Then went in also that other disciple, which came first to the sepulchre, and he saw, and believed.

9

For as yet they knew not the scripture, that he must rise again from the dead.

10

Then the disciples went away again unto their own home.

11

But Mary stood without at the sepulchre weeping: and as she wept, she stooped down, and looked into the sepulchre,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For as yet they knew not the scripture (οὐδέπω γὰρ ᾔδεισαν τὴν γραφήν, oudepō gar ēdeisan tēn graphēn)—the pluperfect tense looks back from post-resurrection perspective: they had not yet known. 'The scripture' (singular) likely refers to a specific text, perhaps Psalm 16:10 ('thou wilt not leave my soul in hell; neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption') or Isaiah 53:10-12, rather than Scripture generally.

That he must rise again from the dead (ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῆναι, hoti dei auton ek nekrōn anastēnai)—the divine necessity (δεῖ, dei, 'must') shows resurrection wasn't accident but fulfillment. John wrote this verse decades later, after the church had connected resurrection to specific OT prophecies. The disciples' initial ignorance proves resurrection faith wasn't manufactured from proof-texts—they believed first, understood Scripture second, inverting typical apologetic order.

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Historical & Cultural Context

First-century Judaism had varied views on resurrection: Pharisees affirmed it, Sadducees denied it, but none expected Messiah to rise individually before the general resurrection. Jesus had predicted his resurrection repeatedly (2:19-22, 10:17-18), but the disciples couldn't process this until after the event. Luke 24:25-27, 44-47 shows Jesus later explaining these Scriptures, transforming how the church read the OT.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does God often bring us to belief through experience before we understand the biblical prophecies?
  2. How does the disciples' ignorance of resurrection prophecy actually strengthen the historical case for resurrection?
  3. What current experiences of God might you be living through without yet understanding the scriptural framework?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 11 words
οὐδέπω1 of 11

as yet

G3764

not even yet

γὰρ2 of 11

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

ᾔδεισαν3 of 11

they knew

G1492

used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl

τὴν4 of 11
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γραφὴν5 of 11

the scripture

G1124

a document, i.e., holy writ (or its contents or a statement in it)

ὅτι6 of 11

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

δεῖ7 of 11

he must

G1163

also deon deh-on'; neuter active participle of the same; both used impersonally; it is (was, etc.) necessary (as binding)

αὐτὸν8 of 11
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐκ9 of 11

from

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

νεκρῶν10 of 11

the dead

G3498

dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun)

ἀναστῆναι11 of 11

rise again

G450

to stand up (literal or figurative, transitive or intransitive)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of John. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

John 20:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to John 20:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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