King James Version

What Does Job 39:1 Mean?

Job 39:1 in the King James Version says “Knowest thou the time when the wild goats of the rock bring forth? or canst thou mark when the hinds do calve? — study this verse from Job chapter 39 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Knowest thou the time when the wild goats of the rock bring forth? or canst thou mark when the hinds do calve?

Job 39:1 · KJV


Context

1

Knowest thou the time when the wild goats of the rock bring forth? or canst thou mark when the hinds do calve?

2

Canst thou number the months that they fulfil? or knowest thou the time when they bring forth?

3

They bow themselves, they bring forth their young ones, they cast out their sorrows.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God asks: 'Knowest thou the time when the wild goats of the rock bring forth? or canst thou mark when the hinds do calve?' The verb yada (יָדַע, knowest) means to know intimately or experientially. Ya'ale-sela (יַעֲלֵי־סָלַע, wild goats of the rock) refers to mountain goats. Shamar (שָׁמַר, mark) means to observe or watch over. The questions about animal reproduction highlight divine providence over creation's intimate details. God cares for even wild creatures beyond human observation or control, challenging Job's anthropocentric view. If God governs mountain goats' birthing, He governs Job's life though purposes remain hidden.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern peoples observed animals but lacked understanding of reproductive cycles. God's questions highlight divine knowledge exceeding human observation. The emphasis on God's care for wild (not domesticated) animals challenges utilitarian views of creation—God values creatures for their own sake, not merely human benefit. This theological point addresses Job's suffering: God's purposes extend beyond human comprehension or immediate benefit.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's care for wild animals challenge our anthropocentric view of creation?
  2. What does divine providence over creation's details teach about His care for our lives even when we don't understand His purposes?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
הֲיָדַ֗עְתָּ1 of 8

Knowest

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

עֵ֭ת2 of 8

thou the time

H6256

time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc

לֶ֣דֶת3 of 8

bring forth

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

יַעֲלֵי4 of 8

when the wild goats

H3277

an ibex (as climbing)

סָ֑לַע5 of 8

of the rock

H5553

a craggy rock, literally or figuratively (a fortress)

חֹלֵ֖ל6 of 8

do calve

H2342

properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e., (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; fi

אַיָּל֣וֹת7 of 8

when the hinds

H355

a doe or female deer

תִּשְׁמֹֽר׃8 of 8

or canst thou mark

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 39:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 39:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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