King James Version

What Does Job 34:19 Mean?

Job 34:19 in the King James Version says “How much less to him that accepteth not the persons of princes, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor? for they all ... — study this verse from Job chapter 34 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

How much less to him that accepteth not the persons of princes, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor? for they all are the work of his hands.

Job 34:19 · KJV


Context

17

Shall even he that hateth right govern? and wilt thou condemn him that is most just? govern: Heb. bind?

18

Is it fit to say to a king, Thou art wicked? and to princes, Ye are ungodly?

19

How much less to him that accepteth not the persons of princes, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor? for they all are the work of his hands.

20

In a moment shall they die, and the people shall be troubled at midnight , and pass away: and the mighty shall be taken away without hand. the mighty: Heb. they shall take away the mighty

21

For his eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his goings.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
How much less to him that accepteth not the persons of princes, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor? for they all are the work of his hands. Elihu escalates his argument: if earthly kings deserve respect (verse 18), God deserves infinitely more because He shows no partiality. The phrase "accepteth not the persons" (lo' nasa pene, לֹא נָשָׂא פְנֵי) literally means "does not lift up the face"—a Hebrew idiom for showing favoritism or partiality. God's impartiality appears throughout Scripture (Deuteronomy 10:17, Acts 10:34, Romans 2:11).

Nor regardeth the rich more than the poor uses nakar (נָכַר, regardeth) meaning to recognize, acknowledge, or show preference. Shoa (שׁוֹעַ, rich) contrasts with dal (דָּל, poor), encompassing economic extremes. The reason for divine impartiality follows: they all are the work of his hands (ki ma'aseh yadav kullam, כִּי־מַעֲשֵׂה יָדָיו כֻּלָּם). Every person, regardless of status, is God's handiwork—created, sustained, and valued equally. This doctrine revolutionizes social ethics. Ancient Near Eastern society was rigidly hierarchical; kings and nobles had vastly more worth than peasants. God's impartial creation undermines such hierarchies, establishing equal human dignity before the Creator. The verse anticipates James 2:1-9's prohibition against favoritism in the church. Ironically, while Elihu rightly describes God's impartiality, he wrongly assumes Job's suffering must indicate God's judgment rather than recognizing that God's purposes transcend simple retribution.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern legal systems often favored the wealthy and powerful (Exodus 23:2-3, Leviticus 19:15 command impartiality, showing the problem was pervasive). Israel's covenant law mandated equal justice (Deuteronomy 1:16-17), reflecting God's character. Job himself had administered justice impartially (29:12-17). Elihu's affirmation of divine impartiality is sound theology, though his application to Job's case misses the mark—God's impartial justice doesn't preclude testing the righteous for purposes beyond punishment.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does recognizing that all people are equally God's handiwork challenge favoritism in your relationships and judgments?
  2. What comfort does God's impartiality provide in a world where human justice often favors the powerful?
  3. How should the doctrine that God values rich and poor equally shape Christian social ethics and ministry?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
אֲשֶׁ֤ר1 of 14
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לֹֽא2 of 14
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

נָשָׂ֨א׀3 of 14

How much less to him that accepteth

H5375

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

לִפְנֵי4 of 14

more than

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

שָׂרִ֗ים5 of 14

of princes

H8269

a head person (of any rank or class)

וְלֹ֣א6 of 14
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

נִכַּר7 of 14

nor regardeth

H5234

properly, to scrutinize, i.e., look intently at; hence (with recognition implied), to acknowledge, be acquainted with, care for, respect, revere, or (

שׁ֭וֹעַ8 of 14

the rich

H7771

a noble, i.e., liberal, opulent; also (as noun in the derived sense) a halloo

לִפְנֵי9 of 14

more than

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

דָ֑ל10 of 14

the poor

H1800

properly, dangling, i.e., (by implication) weak or thin

כִּֽי11 of 14
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה12 of 14

for they all are the work

H4639

an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property

יָדָ֣יו13 of 14

of his hands

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

כֻּלָּֽם׃14 of 14
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 34:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 34:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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