King James Version

What Does Job 31:15 Mean?

Job 31:15 in the King James Version says “Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb? did not one: or, did he not fashio... — study this verse from Job chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb? did not one: or, did he not fashion us in one womb?

Job 31:15 · KJV


Context

13

If I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my maidservant, when they contended with me;

14

What then shall I do when God riseth up? and when he visiteth, what shall I answer him?

15

Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb? did not one: or, did he not fashion us in one womb?

16

If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

17

Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Did not he that made me in the womb make him? (הֲלֹא בַבֶּטֶן עֹשֵׂנִי עָשָׂהוּ, halo ba-beten oseini asahu)—the doubled verb asah (עָשָׂה, make/fashion) emphasizes the Creator's universal work. Did not one fashion us in the womb? (vay-khuneinu be-reḥem eḥad, וַיְכֻנֶנּוּ בָּרֶחֶם אֶחָד) uses kun (כּוּן, establish/fashion) and eḥad (אֶחָד, one), emphasizing shared origin.

This is Scripture's earliest explicit statement of human equality grounded in creation. Job argues: since God formed both master and servant in the womb, they share essential dignity and worth. This theology undergirds Malachi 2:10 ("Have we not all one father? hath not one God created us?") and Paul's declaration that in Christ "there is neither bond nor free" (Galatians 3:28). Job's treatment of servants (vv. 13-15) flows from creation theology—to despise those made in God's image is to despise their Maker.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern cultures had rigid social hierarchies with masters having absolute power over slaves. Job's theology was radically countercultural—he granted servants legal standing to bring cases against him (v. 13). This anticipates Mosaic law's protections for servants (Exodus 21:26-27) and reflects Job's Edomite-era knowledge of creation theology (Genesis 1:27). The womb imagery emphasizes pre-social equality—class distinctions are human constructs, not divine design.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does recognizing that God fashioned all people in the womb challenge social, economic, or racial prejudice?
  2. In what areas of life do you treat people differently based on their social status rather than their image-bearing dignity?
  3. How does Job's creation-based ethics inform Christian engagement with issues of human rights and equality today?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
הֲֽלֹא1 of 7
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

בַ֭בֶּטֶן2 of 7

me in the womb

H990

the belly, especially the womb; also the bosom or body of anything

עָשָׂ֑הוּ3 of 7

Did not he that made

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

עָשָׂ֑הוּ4 of 7

Did not he that made

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

וַ֝יְכֻנֶ֗נּוּ5 of 7

fashion

H3559

properly, to be erect (i.e., stand perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix,

בָּרֶ֥חֶם6 of 7

us in the womb

H7358

the womb

אֶחָֽד׃7 of 7

him and did not one

H259

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 31:15 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 31:15 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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