King James Version

What Does Job 31:14 Mean?

Job 31:14 in the King James Version says “What then shall I do when God riseth up? and when he visiteth, what shall I answer him? — study this verse from Job chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

What then shall I do when God riseth up? and when he visiteth, what shall I answer him?

Job 31:14 · KJV


Context

12

For it is a fire that consumeth to destruction, and would root out all mine increase.

13

If I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my maidservant, when they contended with me;

14

What then shall I do when God riseth up? and when he visiteth, what shall I answer him?

15

Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb? did not one: or, did he not fashion us in one womb?

16

If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
What then shall I do when God riseth up? (וּמָה אֶעֱשֶׂה כִּי־יָקוּם אֵל, u-mah e'eseh ki-yaqum El)—the verb yaqum (יָקוּם, riseth up) portrays God arising as judge, echoing Psalm 82:8: "Arise, O God, judge the earth." When he visiteth (yifqod, יִפְקֹד) means to inspect, number, or hold accountable—the same term used for divine visitation in judgment or blessing (Exodus 32:34, Jeremiah 6:15).

Job shifts from horizontal accountability (judges, v. 11) to vertical accountability (God). This rhetorical question admits no answer—when God investigates sin, human excuses evaporate. The verse reveals Job's God-consciousness: his primary deterrent to sin wasn't social shame or legal penalty but standing before the Holy One. This anticipates Hebrews 4:13: "Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight: but all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do."

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Historical & Cultural Context

The concept of divine visitation (pequddah) pervades Hebrew thought—God actively inspects human affairs. Unlike pagan deities preoccupied with cosmic battles, Yahweh is intimately involved in moral governance. Job's question reflects covenant theology: God will investigate His people's faithfulness. The forensic imagery (God rising as judge) anticipates the final judgment, when every secret thing will be revealed (Ecclesiastes 12:14, Romans 2:16).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does cultivating awareness of God's future 'visitation' guard against present temptation?
  2. What answer can you give when God arises to examine your treatment of the vulnerable (Job's concern in vv. 13-23)?
  3. How does Job's vertical accountability challenge modern compartmentalization between private behavior and public faith?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וּמָ֣ה1 of 9
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

אֶֽ֭עֱשֶׂה2 of 9

What then shall I do

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

כִּֽי3 of 9
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יָק֣וּם4 of 9

riseth up

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

אֵ֑ל5 of 9

when God

H410

strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the almighty (but used also of any deity)

וְכִֽי6 of 9
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יִ֝פְקֹ֗ד7 of 9

and when he visiteth

H6485

to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc

מָ֣ה8 of 9
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

אֲשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ׃9 of 9

what shall I answer

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 31:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 31:14 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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