King James Version

What Does Job 31:17 Mean?

Job 31:17 in the King James Version says “Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof; — study this verse from Job chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof;

Job 31:17 · KJV


Context

15

Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb? did not one: or, did he not fashion us in one womb?

16

If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

17

Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof;

18

(For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father, and I have guided her from my mother's womb;) her: that is, the widow

19

If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Or have eaten my morsel myself alone (וְאֹכַל פִּתִּי לְבַדִּי, ve-okhal pitti le-vaddi)—pat (פַּת) means a morsel or piece of bread, basic sustenance. The fatherless hath not eaten thereof (וְלֹא־אָכַל יָתוֹם מִמֶּנָּה, ve-lo akhal yatom mimennah)—yatom (יָתוֹם, fatherless) appears 42 times in Scripture, always representing the vulnerable. Job declares he never hoarded food while orphans starved.

This anticipates Jesus's parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16:19-31), where selfish feasting while the poor suffer brings judgment. The principle appears throughout Scripture: true religion cares for orphans (James 1:27), shares bread with the hungry (Isaiah 58:7), and practices hospitality (Hebrews 13:2). Job's generosity wasn't occasional charity but lifestyle—he couldn't eat while the fatherless went hungry, demonstrating love of neighbor as self.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Israelite society lacked social safety nets; orphans depended on the compassion of neighbors. The Torah repeatedly commands care for orphans and widows (Exodus 22:22-24, Deuteronomy 10:18, 24:17-21). Job's era predates Sinai, yet he demonstrates the same covenant ethic, suggesting natural law knowledge of justice. The sharing of meals had deep significance—to eat alone while others starved violated community bonds.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Job's inability to enjoy his 'morsel' while orphans starve challenge modern individualism and consumerism?
  2. What vulnerable people in your community might be going without while you enjoy abundance?
  3. How can the church recover Job's instinct to share basic necessities rather than hoard surplus?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
אָכַ֖ל1 of 7

Or have eaten

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

פִּתִּ֣י2 of 7

my morsel

H6595

a bit

לְבַדִּ֑י3 of 7
H905

properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit

וְלֹא4 of 7
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

אָכַ֖ל5 of 7

Or have eaten

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

יָת֣וֹם6 of 7

myself alone and the fatherless

H3490

a bereaved person

מִמֶּֽנָּה׃7 of 7
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 31:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 31:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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