King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 50:9 Mean?

Jeremiah 50:9 in the King James Version says “For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 50 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of a mighty expert man ; none shall return in vain. expert: or, destroyer

Jeremiah 50:9 · KJV


Context

7

All that found them have devoured them: and their adversaries said, We offend not, because they have sinned against the LORD, the habitation of justice, even the LORD, the hope of their fathers.

8

Remove out of the midst of Babylon, and go forth out of the land of the Chaldeans, and be as the he goats before the flocks.

9

For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of a mighty expert man ; none shall return in vain. expert: or, destroyer

10

And Chaldea shall be a spoil: all that spoil her shall be satisfied, saith the LORD.

11

Because ye were glad, because ye rejoiced, O ye destroyers of mine heritage, because ye are grown fat as the heifer at grass , and bellow as bulls; fat: Heb. big, or, corpulent bellow: or, neigh as steeds


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country—the emphatic 'I will raise' (anokhi me'ir, אָנֹכִי מֵעִיר) stresses divine agency. God orchestrates historical events, mobilizing ('causing to come up,' ma'aleh, מַעֲלֶה) an 'assembly' (qahal, קָהַל, congregation, coalition) of nations. The Medo-Persian coalition included Medes, Persians, and various subjugated peoples. This divine raising of nations echoes Habakkuk 1:6, where God 'raised up' the Chaldeans themselves—now they face the same divine sovereignty.

And they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken—'set in array' ('arak, עָרַךְ, arrange in battle formation) indicates organized military siege. 'She shall be taken' (tilaked, תִּלָּכֵד, captured) guarantees success. Their arrows shall be as of a mighty expert man—literally 'as a warrior who makes childless' (gibbor mashkil, גִּבּוֹר מַשְׁכִּיל). The KJV 'expert' softens the Hebrew's lethal intent. These are arrows that never miss, always kill. None shall return in vain—every arrow finds its target, symbolizing the unstoppable efficiency of God's judgment. This contrasts with Babylon's earlier invincibility—now they face warriors whose success is divinely guaranteed.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This prophecy was fulfilled in 539 BC when Cyrus the Great of Persia, leading a coalition of Medes and allied peoples, conquered Babylon. According to both biblical (Daniel 5) and extra-biblical sources (Cyrus Cylinder, Herodotus, Xenophon), the conquest was remarkably swift. Cyrus diverted the Euphrates River and entered through the riverbed gates while Belshazzar feasted (Daniel 5:1-4, 30-31). The 'arrows' may be literal (Persian archers were legendary) or figurative for irresistible military force. What's striking is the contrast: Babylon, which seemed eternal and invincible (Daniel 4:30, Jeremiah 51:53), fell in a single night. The prophecy's fulfillment vindicated Jeremiah's seemingly impossible prediction made decades earlier when Babylon was at its zenith.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's ability to 'raise up' and mobilize nations demonstrate His absolute sovereignty over history?
  2. What does the certainty that 'none shall return in vain' teach about the effectiveness of God's ordained judgments?
  3. How should the sudden fall of 'eternal' Babylon inform our perspective on seemingly permanent evil powers today?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 22 words
כִּ֣י1 of 22
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

הִנֵּ֣ה2 of 22
H2009

lo!

אָנֹכִ֡י3 of 22
H595

i

מֵעִיר֩4 of 22

For lo I will raise

H5782

to wake (literally or figuratively)

וּמַעֲלֶ֨ה5 of 22

and cause to come up

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

עַל6 of 22
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

בָּבֶ֜ל7 of 22

against Babylon

H894

babel (i.e., babylon), including babylonia and the babylonian empire

קְהַל8 of 22

an assembly

H6951

assemblage (usually concretely)

גּוֹיִ֤ם9 of 22

nations

H1471

a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

גְּדֹלִים֙10 of 22

of great

H1419

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

מֵאֶ֣רֶץ11 of 22

country

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

צָפ֔וֹן12 of 22

from the north

H6828

properly, hidden, i.e., dark; used only of the north as a quarter (gloomy and unknown)

וְעָ֣רְכוּ13 of 22

and they shall set themselves in array

H6186

to set in a row, i.e., arrange, put in order (in a very wide variety of applications)

לָ֔הּ14 of 22
H0
מִשָּׁ֖ם15 of 22
H8033

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

תִּלָּכֵ֑ד16 of 22

against her from thence she shall be taken

H3920

to catch (in a net, trap or pit); generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot); figuratively, to cohere

חִצָּיו֙17 of 22

their arrows

H2671

properly, a piercer, i.e., an arrow; by implication, a wound; figuratively, (of god) thunder-bolt; the shaft of a spear

כְּגִבּ֣וֹר18 of 22

shall be as of a mighty

H1368

powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant

מַשְׁכִּ֔יל19 of 22

expert man

H7919

to be (causatively, make or act) circumspect and hence, intelligent

לֹ֥א20 of 22
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יָשׁ֖וּב21 of 22

none shall return

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

רֵיקָֽם׃22 of 22

in vain

H7387

emptily; figuratively (objective) ineffectually, (subjective) undeservedly


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 50:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 50:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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