King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 46:16 Mean?

Jeremiah 46:16 in the King James Version says “He made many to fall, yea, one fell upon another: and they said, Arise, and let us go again to our own people, and to th... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 46 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

He made many to fall, yea, one fell upon another: and they said, Arise, and let us go again to our own people, and to the land of our nativity, from the oppressing sword. made: Heb. multiplied the faller

Jeremiah 46:16 · KJV


Context

14

Declare ye in Egypt, and publish in Migdol, and publish in Noph and in Tahpanhes: say ye, Stand fast, and prepare thee; for the sword shall devour round about thee.

15

Why are thy valiant men swept away? they stood not, because the LORD did drive them.

16

He made many to fall, yea, one fell upon another: and they said, Arise, and let us go again to our own people, and to the land of our nativity, from the oppressing sword. made: Heb. multiplied the faller

17

They did cry there, Pharaoh king of Egypt is but a noise; he hath passed the time appointed.

18

As I live, saith the King, whose name is the LORD of hosts, Surely as Tabor is among the mountains, and as Carmel by the sea, so shall he come.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
He made many to fall, yea, one fell upon another—The Hebrew hirbah koshel (הִרְבָּה כּוֹשֵׁל, "made many to fall/stumble") and gam ish el re'ehu naphal (גַּם־אִישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ נָפָל, "one fell upon another") paint chaos—soldiers tripping over fallen comrades in panicked retreat, the antithesis of military order. The LORD (YHWH) is the active subject who causes this confusion, demonstrating that Egypt's defeat stems from divine action, not merely Babylonian superiority.

The mercenaries' cry reveals motive: Arise, and let us go again to our own people, and to the land of our nativity, from the oppressing sword. The verb shuv (שׁוּב, "go again/return") signals desertion. These hired soldiers abandon Egypt for their homelands, fleeing kherev ha-yonah (חֶרֶב הַיּוֹנָה, "the oppressing sword")—literally "the sword of the dove," possibly meaning "the cruel/violent sword" or referencing Babylon's fierce attack. This mass desertion fulfilled verse 9's ironic summons—the multinational coalition assembled for conquest instead scattered in terror. Egypt learned that mercenaries flee when wages cannot compensate for mortal danger.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Mercenary desertion was a known military problem in ancient warfare, but the scale here was catastrophic. When facing annihilation at Carchemish, Egypt's Ethiopian, Libyan, and Lydian auxiliaries abandoned the battle, leaving Egyptian forces to face Babylon alone. This pattern repeated in later conflicts—mercenaries served for profit, not loyalty. The theological lesson transcends military history: alliances built on self-interest rather than covenant faithfulness crumble under pressure. Israel's own attempts to rely on Egyptian aid (Isaiah 30-31) demonstrated this principle repeatedly.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does mercenary desertion teach about the unreliability of alliances based on self-interest rather than covenant commitment?
  2. How does this passage illustrate the chaos that results when God actively opposes a nation or individual?
  3. In what ways do we rely on 'mercenaries' (conditional relationships, hired loyalty) instead of the faithful God who never abandons His people?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
הִרְבָּ֖ה1 of 18

He made many

H7235

to increase (in whatever respect)

כּוֹשֵׁ֑ל2 of 18

to fall

H3782

to totter or waver (through weakness of the legs, especially the ankle); by implication, to falter, stumble, faint or fall

גַּם3 of 18
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

נָפַ֞ל4 of 18

fell

H5307

to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)

אִ֣ישׁ5 of 18

yea one

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֶל6 of 18
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

רֵעֵ֗הוּ7 of 18

upon another

H7453

an associate (more or less close)

וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙8 of 18

and they said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

ק֣וּמָה׀9 of 18

Arise

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

וְנָשֻׁ֣בָה10 of 18

and let us go again

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

אֶל11 of 18
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

עַמֵּ֗נוּ12 of 18

to our own people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

וְאֶל13 of 18
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אֶ֙רֶץ֙14 of 18

and to the land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

מֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֔נוּ15 of 18

of our nativity

H4138

nativity (plural birth-place); by implication, lineage, native country; also offspring, family

מִפְּנֵ֖י16 of 18

from

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

חֶ֥רֶב17 of 18

sword

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

הַיּוֹנָֽה׃18 of 18

the oppressing

H3238

to rage or be violent; by implication, to suppress, to maltreat


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 46:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 46:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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