King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 17:23 Mean?

Jeremiah 17:23 in the King James Version says “But they obeyed not, neither inclined their ear, but made their neck stiff, that they might not hear, nor receive instru... — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But they obeyed not, neither inclined their ear, but made their neck stiff, that they might not hear, nor receive instruction.

Jeremiah 17:23 · KJV


Context

21

Thus saith the LORD; Take heed to yourselves, and bear no burden on the sabbath day, nor bring it in by the gates of Jerusalem;

22

Neither carry forth a burden out of your houses on the sabbath day, neither do ye any work, but hallow ye the sabbath day, as I commanded your fathers.

23

But they obeyed not, neither inclined their ear, but made their neck stiff, that they might not hear, nor receive instruction.

24

And it shall come to pass, if ye diligently hearken unto me, saith the LORD, to bring in no burden through the gates of this city on the sabbath day, but hallow the sabbath day, to do no work therein;

25

Then shall there enter into the gates of this city kings and princes sitting upon the throne of David, riding in chariots and on horses, they, and their princes, the men of Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem: and this city shall remain for ever.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This verse chronicles Israel's historical rebellion: "But they obeyed not, neither inclined their ear." The phrase "inclined their ear" is a Hebrew idiom for attentive listening with intent to obey. The absence of both obedience and attentive listening indicates total rejection of God's word. "Made their neck stiff" (hiqshu et-arfam, הִקְשׁוּ אֶת-עָרְפָּם) employs livestock imagery—like a stubborn ox that refuses to bear the yoke (cf. Ex 32:9, Deut 9:6, 31:27).

"That they might not hear, nor receive instruction" reveals the deliberate, willful nature of rebellion. This wasn't innocent ignorance but active resistance to divine truth. The Hebrew musar (מוּסָר, instruction/discipline) includes both teaching and corrective discipline. Refusing instruction demonstrates the hardness of heart that provokes God's judgment.

This verse illustrates the Reformed doctrine of human depravity—the natural state of rebellion against God (Rom 1:28, 8:7). The stiff neck metaphor appears throughout Scripture as characteristic of unrepentant sinners (Acts 7:51). Only divine grace can soften hard hearts and grant repentance (Ezek 36:26, Acts 11:18). Christ came to call sinners to repentance (Luke 5:32), offering the new covenant that transforms stubborn rebels into willing servants.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Israel's pattern of disobedience stretches from the exodus wilderness rebellion through the judges period and divided monarchy. Despite repeated warnings, reformations, and divine patience, the people persistently violated covenant stipulations. This chronic rebellion culminated in exile—the ultimate covenant curse. Deuteronomy 28-30 predicted precisely this pattern of disobedience leading to exile, which Jeremiah witnessed being fulfilled.

Reflection Questions

  1. In what areas are you tempted to stiffen your neck against God's clear instruction?
  2. How does deliberate refusal to hear God's word differ from genuine struggle to understand or obey?
  3. What evidences of a softened heart versus a stiff neck do you see in your life?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וְלֹ֣א1 of 14
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

שְׁו֔מֹעַ2 of 14

But they obeyed

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

וְלֹ֥א3 of 14
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

הִטּ֖וּ4 of 14

not neither inclined

H5186

to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)

אֶת5 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אָזְנָ֑ם6 of 14

their ear

H241

broadness. i.e., (concrete) the ear (from its form in man)

וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙7 of 14

stiff

H7185

properly, to be dense, i.e., tough or severe (in various applications)

אֶת8 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

עָרְפָּ֔ם9 of 14

but made their neck

H6203

the nape or back of the neck (as declining); hence, the back generally (whether literal or figurative)

לְבִלְתִּ֣י10 of 14
H1115

properly, a failure of, i.e., (used only as a negative particle, usually with a prepositional prefix) not, except, without, unless, besides, because n

שְׁו֔מֹעַ11 of 14

But they obeyed

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

וּלְבִלְתִּ֖י12 of 14
H1115

properly, a failure of, i.e., (used only as a negative particle, usually with a prepositional prefix) not, except, without, unless, besides, because n

קַ֥חַת13 of 14

nor receive

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

מוּסָֽר׃14 of 14

instruction

H4148

properly, chastisement; figuratively, reproof, warning or instruction; also restraint


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 17:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 17:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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