King James Version

What Does Exodus 34:31 Mean?

Exodus 34:31 in the King James Version says “And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with th... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 34 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them.

Exodus 34:31 · KJV


Context

29

And it came to pass, when Moses came down from mount Sinai with the two tables of testimony in Moses' hand, when he came down from the mount, that Moses wist not that the skin of his face shone while he talked with him.

30

And when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to come nigh him.

31

And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them.

32

And afterward all the children of Israel came nigh: and he gave them in commandment all that the LORD had spoken with him in mount Sinai.

33

And till Moses had done speaking with them, he put a vail on his face.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God promises to eliminate miscarriage (שָׁכַל, shakal—to lose offspring/be bereaved) and barrenness (עֲקָרָה, aqarah). Full longevity is guaranteed: 'the number of thy days I will fulfil.' In the ancient world with high infant and maternal mortality, this promise was revolutionary. It demonstrates God's sovereignty over life itself and His desire to bless covenant faithfulness with abundant life—a principle finding ultimate fulfillment in eternal life through Christ.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Barrenness was considered a curse or divine displeasure in ancient cultures (Gen 30:1-2, 1 Sam 1:5-8). God's promise here reverses the curse and grants covenant communities fruitfulness as a sign of blessing.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's sovereignty over life and death comfort you in uncertain circumstances?
  2. What does this promise of fullness of days teach about God's desire for abundant life for His people?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיִּקְרָ֤א1 of 12

called

H7121

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

אֲלֵהֶם֙2 of 12
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מֹשֶׁ֖ה3 of 12

And Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

וַיָּשֻׁ֧בוּ4 of 12

returned

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

אֵלָ֛יו5 of 12
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אַֽהֲרֹ֥ן6 of 12

unto them and Aaron

H175

aharon, the brother of moses

וְכָל7 of 12
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַנְּשִׂאִ֖ים8 of 12

and all the rulers

H5387

properly, an exalted one, i.e., a king or sheik; also a rising mist

בָּֽעֵדָ֑ה9 of 12

of the congregation

H5712

a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר10 of 12

talked

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

מֹשֶׁ֖ה11 of 12

And Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

אֲלֵהֶֽם׃12 of 12
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 34:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 34:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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