King James Version

What Does Exodus 23:9 Mean?

Exodus 23:9 in the King James Version says “Also thou shalt not oppress a stranger: for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egy... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Also thou shalt not oppress a stranger: for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. heart: Heb. soul

Exodus 23:9 · KJV


Context

7

Keep thee far from a false matter; and the innocent and righteous slay thou not: for I will not justify the wicked.

8

And thou shalt take no gift: for the gift blindeth the wise, and perverteth the words of the righteous. the wise: Heb. the seeing

9

Also thou shalt not oppress a stranger: for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. heart: Heb. soul

10

And six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof:

11

But the seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie still; that the poor of thy people may eat: and what they leave the beasts of the field shall eat. In like manner thou shalt deal with thy vineyard, and with thy oliveyard. oliveyard: or, olive trees


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Also thou shalt not oppress a stranger: for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

The alien-protection command recurs (22:21)—its repetition shows importance. 'Ye know the heart' (וְאַתֶּם יְדַעְתֶּם אֶת־נֶפֶשׁ הַגֵּר, ve'attem yeda'tem et-nefesh hager) means 'you know the life/soul/experience of the stranger.' Israel's Egypt experience should create empathy, not bitterness. Oppressed people can become oppressors (hurt people hurt people) unless grace breaks the cycle. God commands remembering suffering to cultivate compassion. Deuteronomy 10:19 adds 'love the stranger, for you were strangers.' Gospel application: we were 'alienated and enemies' (Colossians 1:21), now reconciled—our redemption should create radical hospitality.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Israel's 400-year slavery in Egypt (Genesis 15:13) was to be remembered not for victimhood but for empathy. God repeatedly uses their suffering as motivation for compassion toward outsiders.

Reflection Questions

  1. How should remembering our own suffering produce compassion rather than bitterness toward others?
  2. In what ways were Christians 'strangers' before salvation, and how should this shape our treatment of outsiders?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
גֵרִ֥ים1 of 13

a stranger

H1616

properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner

לֹ֣א2 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִלְחָ֑ץ3 of 13

Also thou shalt not oppress

H3905

properly, to press, i.e., (figuratively) to distress

וְאַתֶּ֗ם4 of 13
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

יְדַעְתֶּם֙5 of 13

for ye know

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

אֶת6 of 13
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

נֶ֣פֶשׁ7 of 13

the heart

H5315

properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

גֵרִ֥ים8 of 13

a stranger

H1616

properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner

כִּֽי9 of 13

seeing

H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

גֵרִ֥ים10 of 13

a stranger

H1616

properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner

הֱיִיתֶ֖ם11 of 13
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בְּאֶ֥רֶץ12 of 13

in the land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

מִצְרָֽיִם׃13 of 13

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 23:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 23:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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