King James Version

What Does Exodus 21:34 Mean?

Exodus 21:34 in the King James Version says “The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his.

Exodus 21:34 · KJV


Context

32

If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.

33

And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein;

34

The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his.

35

And if one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also they shall divide.

36

Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past , and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his.

This case law addresses property damage and personal injury, establishing liability principles. The mishpatim (מִשְׁפָּטִים, judgments) apply Decalogue principles to everyday situations, creating just society. Owner responsibility reflects broader biblical principle: we're stewards of possessions, accountable for harm they cause. The law balances justice (compensation for victims) with mercy (proportional rather than excessive penalties). These principles undergird modern tort law and demonstrate God's concern for social order.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern law codes (Hammurabi, Hittite) addressed similar property issues but often with class-based penalties. Israel's law applied more uniformly regardless of social status.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
לִבְעָלָ֑יו1 of 9

The owner

H1167

a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense)

הַבּוֹר֙2 of 9

of the pit

H953

a pit hole (especially one used as a cistern or a prison)

יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם3 of 9

shall make it good

H7999

to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate

כֶּ֖סֶף4 of 9

money

H3701

silver (from its pale color); by implication, money

יָשִׁ֣יב5 of 9

and give

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

לִבְעָלָ֑יו6 of 9

The owner

H1167

a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense)

וְהַמֵּ֖ת7 of 9

of them and the dead

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

יִֽהְיֶה8 of 9
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לּֽוֹ׃9 of 9
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 21:34 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 21:34 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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