King James Version

What Does Exodus 22:14 Mean?

Exodus 22:14 in the King James Version says “And if a man borrow ought of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof being not with it, he shall surely... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And if a man borrow ought of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof being not with it, he shall surely make it good.

Exodus 22:14 · KJV


Context

12

And if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution unto the owner thereof.

13

If it be torn in pieces , then let him bring it for witness, and he shall not make good that which was torn.

14

And if a man borrow ought of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof being not with it, he shall surely make it good.

15

But if the owner thereof be with it, he shall not make it good: if it be an hired thing, it came for his hire.

16

And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And if a man borrow ought of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof being not with it, he shall surely make it good.

This ordinance reveals God's comprehensive justice—regulating economic transactions, property rights, and social relationships. The mishpatim create framework for covenant community to flourish. Each law applies broader principles: love God supremely, love neighbor practically. Modern believers aren't bound by ceremonial laws but should pursue their spirit—justice, mercy, and faithfulness (Matthew 23:23). God's character revealed in law guides Christian ethics.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

These civil regulations distinguished Israel from surrounding nations, creating a society reflecting God's justice. The laws balance individual rights with community welfare, property rights with compassion for the poor.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וְכִֽי1 of 13
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יִשְׁאַ֥ל2 of 13

borrow

H7592

to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand

אִ֛ישׁ3 of 13

And if a man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

עִמּ֖וֹ4 of 13

thereof being not with it

H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

רֵעֵ֖הוּ5 of 13

ought of his neighbour

H7453

an associate (more or less close)

וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר6 of 13

and it be hurt

H7665

to burst (literally or figuratively)

אוֹ7 of 13
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

מֵ֑ת8 of 13

or die

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

בְּעָלָ֥יו9 of 13

the owner

H1167

a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense)

אֵין10 of 13
H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

עִמּ֖וֹ11 of 13

thereof being not with it

H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃12 of 13

he shall surely

H7999

to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate

יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃13 of 13

he shall surely

H7999

to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 22:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 22:14 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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