King James Version

What Does Exodus 10:22 Mean?

Exodus 10:22 in the King James Version says “And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days: — study this verse from Exodus chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days:

Exodus 10:22 · KJV


Context

20

But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.

21

And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt. even: Heb. that one may feel darkness

22

And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days:

23

They saw not one another, neither rose any from his place for three days: but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.

24

And Pharaoh called unto Moses, and said, Go ye, serve the LORD; only let your flocks and your herds be stayed: let your little ones also go with you.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Verse 22 introduces the plague of darkness, directly targeting Ra, Egypt's supreme sun god. Darkness covered Egypt for three days—'darkness which may be felt' (v.21)—while Israel had light in Goshen. This penultimate plague strikes at Egypt's chief deity.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ra, the sun god, was Pharaoh's divine father and Egypt's supreme deity. His daily journey across sky sustained cosmic order (ma'at). Three days of darkness demonstrated Ra's impotence and YHWH's absolute supremacy over Egypt's highest god.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this plague reveal the ultimate showdown between YHWH and Egypt's gods?
  2. What does the light in Goshen symbolize about God's people?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וַיֵּ֥ט1 of 14

stretched forth

H5186

to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)

מֹשֶׁ֛ה2 of 14

And Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

אֶת3 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יָד֖וֹ4 of 14

his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

עַל5 of 14
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם6 of 14

toward heaven

H8064

the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r

וַיְהִ֧י7 of 14
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

חֹֽשֶׁךְ8 of 14

darkness

H2822

the dark; hence (literally) darkness; figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow, wickedness

אֲפֵלָ֛ה9 of 14

and there was a thick

H653

duskiness, figuratively, misfortune; concrete, concealment

בְּכָל10 of 14
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֶ֥רֶץ11 of 14

in all the land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

מִצְרַ֖יִם12 of 14

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת13 of 14

three

H7969

three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice

יָמִֽים׃14 of 14

days

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 10:22 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 10:22 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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