King James Version

What Does Exodus 1:22 Mean?

Exodus 1:22 in the King James Version says “And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye s... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.

Exodus 1:22 · KJV


Context

20

Therefore God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty.

21

And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he made them houses.

22

And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive (כָּל־הַבֵּן הַיִּלּוֹד הַיְאֹרָה תַּשְׁלִיכֻהוּ, kol-haben hayilod haye'orah tashlikhuhu)—Pharaoh escalates from secret midwife-executed genocide to public, nation-wide infanticide. Charged all his people makes every Egyptian complicit in the murder of Hebrew boys. Cast into the river—the Nile, Egypt's lifeline and divine symbol, becomes an instrument of death. The tragic irony: the river meant to destroy Moses will become his salvation (2:3), and later the Nile will be turned to blood (7:20). This decree sets up Moses' birth narrative and God's poetic justice—Pharaoh's own daughter will adopt the deliverer (2:5-10).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This public decree suggests Pharaoh's frustration with the failure of previous measures. Commanding all Egyptians implies either popular support for genocide or at least passive compliance. The Nile's religious significance (associated with gods like Hapi and Sobek) adds theological dimension—Pharaoh conscripts Egypt's sacred river for mass murder, which God will judge.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you resist cultural complicity with evil when society normalizes injustice?
  2. What does God's transformation of death waters (Nile) into salvation waters (for Moses) teach about His ability to redeem even instruments of evil?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וַיְצַ֣ו1 of 13

charged

H6680

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin

פַּרְעֹ֔ה2 of 13

And Pharaoh

H6547

paroh, a general title of egyptian kings

לְכָל3 of 13
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

עַמּ֖וֹ4 of 13

all his people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

לֵאמֹ֑ר5 of 13

saying

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

כָּל6 of 13
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַבֵּ֣ן7 of 13

Every son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

הַיִּלּ֗וֹד8 of 13

that is born

H3209

born

הַיְאֹ֙רָה֙9 of 13

into the river

H2975

a channel, e.g., a fosse, canal, shaft; specifically the nile, as the one river of egypt, including its collateral trenches; also the tigris, as the m

תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ10 of 13

ye shall cast

H7993

to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)

וְכָל11 of 13
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַבַּ֖ת12 of 13

and every daughter

H1323

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

תְּחַיּֽוּן׃13 of 13

ye shall save alive

H2421

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 1:22 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 1:22 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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