King James Version

What Does Esther 1:20 Mean?

Esther 1:20 in the King James Version says “And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his empire, (for it is great,) all the ... — study this verse from Esther chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his empire, (for it is great,) all the wives shall give to their husbands honour, both to great and small.

Esther 1:20 · KJV


Context

18

Likewise shall the ladies of Persia and Media say this day unto all the king's princes, which have heard of the deed of the queen. Thus shall there arise too much contempt and wrath.

19

If it please the king, let there go a royal commandment from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, that it be not altered, That Vashti come no more before king Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal estate unto another that is better than she. If it: Heb. If it be good with the king unto: Heb. unto her companion from him: Heb. from before him be not: Heb. pass not away

20

And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his empire, (for it is great,) all the wives shall give to their husbands honour, both to great and small.

21

And the saying pleased the king and the princes; and the king did according to the word of Memucan: pleased: Heb. was good in the eyes of the king

22

For he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and that it should be published according to the language of every people. that it: Heb. that one should publish it according to the language of his people


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Intended effect: 'And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his empire, (for it is great,) all the wives shall give to their husbands honour, both to great and small'. The counselors predict empire-wide decree will compel wifely obedience throughout the realm—women will honor husbands from fear of Vashti's fate. The parenthetical '(for it is great)' emphasizes the empire's vastness, suggesting the decree's reach and impact. The belief that public example would compel submission throughout the empire shows ancient understanding of law's pedagogical function—punishment demonstrates consequences, deterring others. This reasoning, though based on fear rather than love, became God's tool for positioning Esther.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient empires maintained control partly through public examples—severe punishment for prominent violators deterred others. The Persian Empire's vast extent ('from India to Ethiopia,' v. 1) made consistent application of social norms challenging, requiring spectacular examples to maintain order. The counselors' belief that Vashti's banishment would be known throughout the empire and compel wifely obedience shows both ancient communication effectiveness and reliance on fear as social control. Archaeological evidence shows ancient empires used imperial decrees to standardize practices across diverse populations and territories.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does relying on fear rather than respect for social order reveal about the weakness of coercive systems?
  2. How does this illustrate God's sovereignty using even fear-based human logic to accomplish His redemptive purposes?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
וְנִשְׁמַע֩1 of 18

shall be published

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

פִּתְגָ֨ם2 of 18

decree

H6599

a (judicial) sentence

הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ3 of 18

And when the king's

H4428

a king

אֲשֶֽׁר4 of 18
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יַעֲשֶׂה֙5 of 18

which he shall make

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

בְּכָל6 of 18
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

מַלְכוּת֔וֹ7 of 18

throughout all his empire

H4438

a rule; concretely, a dominion

כִּ֥י8 of 18
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

רַבָּ֖ה9 of 18

for it is great

H7227

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

הִ֑יא10 of 18
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

וְכָל11 of 18
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַנָּשִׁ֗ים12 of 18

all the wives

H802

a woman

יִתְּנ֤וּ13 of 18

shall give

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

יְקָר֙14 of 18

honour

H3366

value, i.e., (concretely) wealth; abstractly, costliness, dignity

לְבַעְלֵיהֶ֔ן15 of 18

to their husbands

H1167

a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense)

לְמִגָּד֖וֹל16 of 18

both to great

H1419

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

וְעַד17 of 18
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

קָטָֽן׃18 of 18

and small

H6996

abbreviated, i.e., diminutive, literally (in quantity, size or number) or figuratively (in age or importance)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Esther. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Esther 1:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Esther 1:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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