King James Version

What Does Esther 1:21 Mean?

Esther 1:21 in the King James Version says “And the saying pleased the king and the princes; and the king did according to the word of Memucan: pleased: Heb. was go... — study this verse from Esther chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the saying pleased the king and the princes; and the king did according to the word of Memucan: pleased: Heb. was good in the eyes of the king

Esther 1:21 · KJV


Context

19

If it please the king, let there go a royal commandment from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, that it be not altered, That Vashti come no more before king Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal estate unto another that is better than she. If it: Heb. If it be good with the king unto: Heb. unto her companion from him: Heb. from before him be not: Heb. pass not away

20

And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his empire, (for it is great,) all the wives shall give to their husbands honour, both to great and small.

21

And the saying pleased the king and the princes; and the king did according to the word of Memucan: pleased: Heb. was good in the eyes of the king

22

For he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and that it should be published according to the language of every people. that it: Heb. that one should publish it according to the language of his people


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Decree approved: 'And the saying pleased the king and the princes; and the king did according to the word of Memucan'. Ahasuerus and his counselors approved Memucan's proposal, sealing Vashti's fate and creating vacancy for Esther. The swift approval shows the counselors' reasoning aligned with the king's wounded pride and desire to reassert authority. This decision, made from anger and insecurity, became the providential mechanism positioning Esther to save the Jews. God's sovereignty works through even sinful human decisions—anger, pride, misogyny—to accomplish His redemptive purposes.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern kings typically followed counsel from highest advisors, particularly when it aligned with their inclinations. Ahasuerus's approval transformed Memucan's suggestion into imperial decree with force of immutable law. Once approved and sealed, this decree couldn't be reversed (v. 19), making Vashti's banishment permanent and replacement mandatory. The counselors' approval ('pleased...the princes') shows unanimous support, suggesting they all shared concern about maintaining male authority and saw opportunity to make empire-wide statement. This human consensus, though motivated by pride and misogyny, served God's purposes.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does unanimous human agreement on unjust action demonstrate that majority approval doesn't validate morality?
  2. What does God's use of this sinful decree teach about His sovereignty transcending human morality?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וַיִּיטַב֙1 of 9

pleased

H3190

to be (causative) make well, literally (sound, beautiful) or figuratively (happy, successful, right)

כִּדְבַ֥ר2 of 9

And the saying

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

בְּעֵינֵ֥י3 of 9
H5869

an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)

הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ4 of 9

and the king

H4428

a king

וְהַשָּׂרִ֑ים5 of 9

and the princes

H8269

a head person (of any rank or class)

וַיַּ֥עַשׂ6 of 9

did

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ7 of 9

and the king

H4428

a king

כִּדְבַ֥ר8 of 9

And the saying

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

מְמוּכָֽן׃9 of 9

of Memucan

H4462

memucan or momucan, a persian satrap


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Esther. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Esther 1:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Esther 1:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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