King James Version

What Does Ecclesiastes 11:2 Mean?

Ecclesiastes 11:2 in the King James Version says “Give a portion to seven, and also to eight; for thou knowest not what evil shall be upon the earth. — study this verse from Ecclesiastes chapter 11 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Give a portion to seven, and also to eight; for thou knowest not what evil shall be upon the earth.

Ecclesiastes 11:2 · KJV


Context

1

Cast thy bread upon the waters: for thou shalt find it after many days. upon: Heb. upon the face of the waters

2

Give a portion to seven, and also to eight; for thou knowest not what evil shall be upon the earth.

3

If the clouds be full of rain, they empty themselves upon the earth: and if the tree fall toward the south, or toward the north, in the place where the tree falleth, there it shall be.

4

He that observeth the wind shall not sow; and he that regardeth the clouds shall not reap.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Give a portion to seven, and also to eight—the Hebrew ten cheleq le-shiv'ah ve-gam li-shemonah (תֶּן־חֵלֶק לְשִׁבְעָה וְגַם לִשְׁמוֹנָה) uses numerical parallelism (seven...eight) to indicate generosity that goes beyond typical expectations. This idiom appears in wisdom literature (Proverbs 6:16, 30:18) to mean "several" or "many." The counsel: diversify your investments and sharing—don't put all resources in one venture.

For thou knowest not what evil shall be upon the earthki lo teda mah-yihyeh ra'ah al-ha-aretz (כִּי לֹא תֵדַע מַה־יִהְיֶה רָעָה עַל־הָאָרֶץ) acknowledges life's uncertainty. Since the future is unknown and disaster may strike, wisdom counsels both diversification and generosity. Spread risk across multiple ventures; share generously with multiple recipients. When calamity comes (and it will), diversified investments and generous relationships provide resilience. Luke 16:9 echoes this: "Make friends by means of unrighteous wealth, so that when it fails they may receive you."

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern economies were vulnerable to localized disasters—drought, warfare, or plague could devastate specific regions while sparing others. Maritime trade spread risk across multiple shipments (thus "cast thy bread upon the waters," 11:1). Agricultural diversification protected against crop failure—planting multiple fields, storing grain in different locations. The wisdom of generosity to multiple people created social capital—those helped in good times might reciprocate during hardship. Jesus's parable of the talents teaches similar diversification through productive stewardship (Matthew 25:14-30). Modern portfolio theory validates this ancient wisdom: diversification reduces risk.

Reflection Questions

  1. How diversified are your investments—financial, relational, and spiritual—and what vulnerabilities does concentration create?
  2. Where is God calling you to greater generosity toward multiple people as both spiritual obedience and practical wisdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
תֶּן1 of 13

Give

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

חֵ֥לֶק2 of 13

a portion

H2506

properly, smoothness (of the tongue)

לְשִׁבְעָ֖ה3 of 13

to seven

H7651

seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number

וְגַ֣ם4 of 13
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

לִשְׁמוֹנָ֑ה5 of 13

and also to eight

H8083

a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven); also (as ordinal) eighth

כִּ֚י6 of 13
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

לֹ֣א7 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תֵדַ֔ע8 of 13

for thou knowest

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

מַה9 of 13
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

יִּהְיֶ֥ה10 of 13
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

רָעָ֖ה11 of 13

not what evil

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

עַל12 of 13
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הָאָֽרֶץ׃13 of 13

shall be upon the earth

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ecclesiastes. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ecclesiastes 11:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ecclesiastes 11:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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