King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 5:17 Mean?

Deuteronomy 5:17 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt not kill. — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou shalt not kill.

Deuteronomy 5:17 · KJV


Context

15

And remember that thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt, and that the LORD thy God brought thee out thence through a mighty hand and by a stretched out arm: therefore the LORD thy God commanded thee to keep the sabbath day.

16

Honour thy father and thy mother, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee; that thy days may be prolonged, and that it may go well with thee, in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.

17

Thou shalt not kill.

18

Neither shalt thou commit adultery.

19

Neither shalt thou steal.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The sixth commandment 'Thou shalt not kill' protects human life as sacred, created in God's image (Genesis 1:27, 9:6). The Hebrew 'ratsach' specifies unlawful killing—murder, not all killing (capital punishment and just warfare are permitted). This command guards the image of God in humanity, prohibiting private vengeance and establishing the sanctity of life from conception to natural death. Jesus expands this to prohibit hatred and verbal abuse (Matthew 5:21-22), showing the command addresses heart attitudes. The Reformed tradition applies this to abortion, euthanasia, and all unjust taking of human life.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern law codes (Hammurabi, Hittite) addressed murder but often with class distinctions (killing a noble vs. slave carried different penalties). Israel's law treated all human life equally as bearing God's image. Cities of refuge protected those guilty of manslaughter from vengeance (Numbers 35, Deuteronomy 19), demonstrating justice and mercy. Israel's prophets condemned violence, oppression, and innocent bloodshed (Isaiah 1:15, Jeremiah 7:6, Ezekiel 22:3-4).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this commandment establish the sanctity of all human life based on humanity's creation in God's image?
  2. In what ways does Jesus' expansion of this command to include anger and contempt reveal that God's law addresses heart attitudes, not merely external actions?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 2 words
לֹ֥֖א1 of 2
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִּֿרְצָ֖ח2 of 2

Thou shalt not kill

H7523

properly, to dash in pieces, i.e., kill (a human being), especially to murder


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 5:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 5:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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