King James Version

What Does Matthew 5:21 Mean?

Matthew 5:21 in the King James Version says “Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of ... — study this verse from Matthew chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: by: or, to

Matthew 5:21 · KJV


Context

19

Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.

20

For I say unto you, That except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven.

21

Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: by: or, to

22

But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. Raca: that is, Vain fellow

23

Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus begins six antitheses contrasting superficial interpretations of the Law with His authoritative explanation. Murder was rightly condemned, but Jesus exposes the root sin: sinful anger. The Law addressed external actions; Jesus addresses internal attitudes that produce those actions.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The Sixth Commandment prohibited murder, and Jewish courts could execute murderers. However, the religious system focused on the act itself, often missing the heart attitudes that led to violence. Jesus refocuses attention on the source of sin.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does unresolved anger function as 'heart murder' even without physical violence?
  2. What anger are you harboring that needs to be confessed and resolved?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
Ἠκούσατε1 of 15

Ye have heard

G191

to hear (in various senses)

ὅτι2 of 15

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

ἐῤῥέθη3 of 15

it was said

G4483

to utter, i.e., speak or say

τοῖς4 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀρχαίοις5 of 15

by them of old time

G744

original or primeval

Οὐ6 of 15

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

φονεύσῃ7 of 15

Thou shalt

G5407

to be a murderer (of)

ὃς8 of 15

whosoever

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

δ'9 of 15

and

G1161

but, and, etc

ἂν10 of 15
G302

whatsoever

φονεύσῃ11 of 15

Thou shalt

G5407

to be a murderer (of)

ἔνοχος12 of 15

in danger

G1777

liable to (a condition, penalty or imputation)

ἔσται13 of 15

shall be

G2071

will be

τῇ14 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κρίσει15 of 15

of the judgment

G2920

decision (subjectively or objectively, for or against); by extension, a tribunal; by implication, justice (especially, divine law)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 5:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 5:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study