King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 20:13 Mean?

Deuteronomy 20:13 in the King James Version says “And when the LORD thy God hath delivered it into thine hands, thou shalt smite every male thereof with the edge of the s... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And when the LORD thy God hath delivered it into thine hands, thou shalt smite every male thereof with the edge of the sword:

Deuteronomy 20:13 · KJV


Context

11

And it shall be, if it make thee answer of peace, and open unto thee, then it shall be, that all the people that is found therein shall be tributaries unto thee, and they shall serve thee.

12

And if it will make no peace with thee, but will make war against thee, then thou shalt besiege it:

13

And when the LORD thy God hath delivered it into thine hands, thou shalt smite every male thereof with the edge of the sword:

14

But the women, and the little ones, and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all the spoil thereof, shalt thou take unto thyself; and thou shalt eat the spoil of thine enemies, which the LORD thy God hath given thee. take: Heb. spoil

15

Thus shalt thou do unto all the cities which are very far off from thee, which are not of the cities of these nations.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And when the LORD thy God hath delivered it into thine hands, thou shalt smite every male thereof with the edge of the sword—Victory belongs to the LORD—human effort doesn't produce conquest; divine intervention does. The herem (חֵרֶם, 'devotion to destruction') applied to Canaanite cities involved executing combatants (every male, זָכָר, zakhar), removing military threat and judgment on persistent idolatry.

Modern readers recoil at divine violence, yet God's holiness demands judgment. The soul that sinneth, it shall die (Ezekiel 18:20). Canaan's destruction foreshadows hell's reality: The Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels, in flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God (2 Thessalonians 1:7-8). Israel's warfare enacted God's judicial prerogative. We can't command such wars (lacking divine authority), but we acknowledge God's right to judge.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Canaanite civilization practiced child sacrifice (Leviticus 18:21), cultic prostitution, and extreme violence. God's judgment through Israel removed cultural cancer after 400+ years of patience (Genesis 15:16—'the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full'). Archaeological evidence confirms Canaanite depravity's extent.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you reconcile God's love with His commanded destruction of Canaanites—is judgment inconsistent with grace?
  2. What does Canaan's destruction teach about hell's reality and God's holy intolerance of persistent evil?
  3. Why can't modern Christians invoke 'holy war' while ancient Israel could—what authority distinction exists?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
וּנְתָנָ֛הּ1 of 10

hath delivered

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

יְהוָ֥ה2 of 10

And when the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ3 of 10

thy God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ4 of 10

it into thine hands

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וְהִכִּיתָ֥5 of 10

thou shalt smite

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

אֶת6 of 10
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל7 of 10
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

זְכוּרָ֖הּ8 of 10

every male

H2138

a male (of man or animals)

לְפִי9 of 10

thereof with the edge

H6310

the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos

חָֽרֶב׃10 of 10

of the sword

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 20:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 20:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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