King James Version

What Does Numbers 31:7 Mean?

Numbers 31:7 in the King James Version says “And they warred against the Midianites, as the LORD commanded Moses; and they slew all the males. — study this verse from Numbers chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And they warred against the Midianites, as the LORD commanded Moses; and they slew all the males.

Numbers 31:7 · KJV


Context

5

So there were delivered out of the thousands of Israel, a thousand of every tribe, twelve thousand armed for war.

6

And Moses sent them to the war, a thousand of every tribe, them and Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, to the war, with the holy instruments, and the trumpets to blow in his hand.

7

And they warred against the Midianites, as the LORD commanded Moses; and they slew all the males.

8

And they slew the kings of Midian, beside the rest of them that were slain; namely, Evi, and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, five kings of Midian: Balaam also the son of Beor they slew with the sword.

9

And the children of Israel took all the women of Midian captives, and their little ones, and took the spoil of all their cattle, and all their flocks, and all their goods.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
They warred against the Midianites, as the LORD commanded Moses—The phrase ka'asher tzivah YHWH (כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה, just as Yahweh commanded) emphasizes covenantal obedience. This was not ethnic cleansing or imperialism but executing divine judgment and they slew all the males—specifically the military-age males who participated in Baal-Peor (v. 8 specifies five Midianite kings and Balaam).

The totality language reflects ancient Near Eastern warfare hyperbole (compare Joshua's conquests), focusing on military and leadership destruction rather than genocide. Verse 9 shows women and children were spared (though Moses later commanded executing those complicit in idolatry, vv. 14-18). This was targeted justice, not indiscriminate slaughter.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The campaign fulfilled God's command in Numbers 25:17 following the Baal-Peor incident. Archaeological evidence shows Midianites were nomadic traders and raiders; this military strike disrupted their ability to threaten Israel during the conquest. The Midianites survived as a people (Judges 6-8), confirming this was not total annihilation.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the "as the LORD commanded" emphasis inform your approach to difficult obedience versus cultural preferences?
  2. What does this account teach about God's justice, which may include temporal judgment, while ultimately pointing to Christ who bore divine wrath?
  3. How do you wrestle with difficult Old Testament passages while maintaining trust in God's perfect justice and mercy?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וַֽיִּצְבְּאוּ֙1 of 11

And they warred

H6633

to mass (an army or servants)

עַל2 of 11
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

מִדְיָ֔ן3 of 11

against the Midianites

H4080

midjan, a son of abraham; also his country and (collectively) his descendants

כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר4 of 11
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

צִוָּ֥ה5 of 11

commanded

H6680

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin

יְהוָ֖ה6 of 11

as the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶת7 of 11
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מֹשֶׁ֑ה8 of 11

Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

וַיַּֽהַרְג֖וּ9 of 11

and they slew

H2026

to smite with deadly intent

כָּל10 of 11
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

זָכָֽר׃11 of 11

all the males

H2145

properly, remembered, i.e., a male (of man or animals, as being the most noteworthy sex)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 31:7 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 31:7 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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