King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 16:12 Mean?

Deuteronomy 16:12 in the King James Version says “And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt: and thou shalt observe and do these statutes. — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 16 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt: and thou shalt observe and do these statutes.

Deuteronomy 16:12 · KJV


Context

10

And thou shalt keep the feast of weeks unto the LORD thy God with a tribute of a freewill offering of thine hand, which thou shalt give unto the LORD thy God, according as the LORD thy God hath blessed thee: a tribute: or, sufficiency

11

And thou shalt rejoice before the LORD thy God, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite that is within thy gates, and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are among you, in the place which the LORD thy God hath chosen to place his name there.

12

And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt: and thou shalt observe and do these statutes.

13

Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days, after that thou hast gathered in thy corn and thy wine: corn: Heb. floor, and thy winepress

14

And thou shalt rejoice in thy feast, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite, the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are within thy gates.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt—The Hebrew vezacharta (וְזָכַרְתָּ֗) commands active remembrance, not passive recollection. Israel's slavery experience (עֶבֶד הָיִ֖יתָ, eved hayita, 'you were a slave') must shape present ethics. This motive clause grounds inclusive feast hospitality in experiential solidarity: 'You know the heart of a stranger, for you were strangers' (Exodus 23:9).

Thou shalt observe and do these statutes—The twin verbs veshamarta ve'asita (וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֣ וְעָשִׂ֔יתָ, 'guard and do') stress careful obedience. Memory of redemption demands ethical action. This verse links Egypt's memory directly to feast inclusion (v. 11), making compassion for the marginalized a redemption-driven obligation. Christians similarly root ethics in Christ's redemption: 'Be kind...forgiving one another, even as God for Christ's sake hath forgiven you' (Ephesians 4:32).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Egypt's bondage (circa 1876-1446 BC per conservative dating) defined Israel's identity. The Exodus was God's paradigmatic redemptive act, referenced throughout Torah to motivate obedience. The command to remember slavery appears repeatedly (5:15, 15:15, 24:18, 24:22), especially regarding treatment of servants, strangers, and the poor. Remembering oppression cultivates empathy and prevents Israel from oppressing others. This principle of redemption-shaped ethics permeates Scripture.

Reflection Questions

  1. How should remembering your own spiritual slavery (to sin) before redemption shape how you treat others?
  2. In what ways does God's past deliverance serve as both motivation and pattern for present obedience?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
וְזָ֣כַרְתָּ֔1 of 10

And thou shalt remember

H2142

properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e., to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male

כִּי2 of 10
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

עֶ֥בֶד3 of 10

that thou wast a bondman

H5650

a servant

הָיִ֖יתָ4 of 10
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם5 of 10

in Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

וְשָֽׁמַרְתָּ֣6 of 10

and thou shalt observe

H8104

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

וְעָשִׂ֔יתָ7 of 10

and do

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

אֶת8 of 10
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַֽחֻקִּ֖ים9 of 10

these statutes

H2706

an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)

הָאֵֽלֶּה׃10 of 10
H428

these or those


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 16:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 16:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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