King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 15:19 Mean?

Deuteronomy 15:19 in the King James Version says “All the firstling males that come of thy herd and of thy flock thou shalt sanctify unto the LORD thy God: thou shalt do ... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

All the firstling males that come of thy herd and of thy flock thou shalt sanctify unto the LORD thy God: thou shalt do no work with the firstling of thy bullock, nor shear the firstling of thy sheep.

Deuteronomy 15:19 · KJV


Context

17

Then thou shalt take an aul, and thrust it through his ear unto the door, and he shall be thy servant for ever. And also unto thy maidservant thou shalt do likewise.

18

It shall not seem hard unto thee, when thou sendest him away free from thee; for he hath been worth a double hired servant to thee, in serving thee six years: and the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all that thou doest.

19

All the firstling males that come of thy herd and of thy flock thou shalt sanctify unto the LORD thy God: thou shalt do no work with the firstling of thy bullock, nor shear the firstling of thy sheep.

20

Thou shalt eat it before the LORD thy God year by year in the place which the LORD shall choose, thou and thy household.

21

And if there be any blemish therein, as if it be lame, or blind, or have any ill blemish, thou shalt not sacrifice it unto the LORD thy God.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
All the firstling males that come of thy herd and of thy flock thou shalt sanctify unto the LORD thy God—The bekhor (בְּכוֹר, 'firstborn') belongs to God, echoing Passover: God spared Israel's firstborn while judging Egypt's (Exodus 11-12). Sanctifying (קָדַשׁ, qadash, 'to set apart as holy') the firstborn acknowledges all life originates from and belongs to God.

Thou shalt do no work with the firstling of thy bullock, nor shear the firstling of thy sheep—No economic exploitation of consecrated animals. They're withdrawn from utilitarian use, pointing to Christ, the firstborn among many brethren (Romans 8:29), who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God (Hebrews 9:14). The firstborn law trained Israel: God's holy things aren't tools but objects of worship.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern cultures practiced firstborn dedication (sometimes human sacrifice, which God condemns—Leviticus 18:21). Israel's bloodless dedication of firstborn animals demonstrated God's claim on life without pagan brutality, foreshadowing Christ the ultimate Firstborn sacrifice.

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'firstfruits' (first of time, money, energy) do you sanctify to God versus reserving for personal use?
  2. How does Christ as the 'firstborn' (Romans 8:29, Colossians 1:15) secure your adoption into God's family?
  3. In what areas are you tempted to 'work with' (exploit) what you've consecrated to God?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
כָּֽל1 of 18
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

בְּכ֥וֹר2 of 18

All the firstling

H1060

first-born; hence, chief

אֲשֶׁר֩3 of 18
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יִוָּלֵ֨ד4 of 18

that come

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

בִּבְקָֽרְךָ֤5 of 18

of thy herd

H1241

a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd

צֹאנֶֽךָ׃6 of 18

and of thy flock

H6629

a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)

הַזָּכָ֔ר7 of 18

males

H2145

properly, remembered, i.e., a male (of man or animals, as being the most noteworthy sex)

תַּקְדִּ֖ישׁ8 of 18

thou shalt sanctify

H6942

to be (causatively, make, pronounce or observe as) clean (ceremonially or morally)

לַֽיהוָ֣ה9 of 18

unto the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ10 of 18

thy God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

לֹ֤א11 of 18
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תַֽעֲבֹד֙12 of 18

thou shalt do no work

H5647

to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc

בְּכ֥וֹר13 of 18

All the firstling

H1060

first-born; hence, chief

שׁוֹרֶ֔ךָ14 of 18

of thy bullock

H7794

a bullock (as a traveller)

וְלֹ֥א15 of 18
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תָגֹ֖ז16 of 18

nor shear

H1494

to cut off; specifically to shear a flock or shave the hair; figuratively to destroy an enemy

בְּכ֥וֹר17 of 18

All the firstling

H1060

first-born; hence, chief

צֹאנֶֽךָ׃18 of 18

and of thy flock

H6629

a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 15:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 15:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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