King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 17:19 Mean?

2 Samuel 17:19 in the King James Version says “And the woman took and spread a covering over the well's mouth, and spread ground corn thereon; and the thing was not kn... — study this verse from 2 Samuel chapter 17 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the woman took and spread a covering over the well's mouth, and spread ground corn thereon; and the thing was not known.

2 Samuel 17:19 · KJV


Context

17

Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz stayed by Enrogel; for they might not be seen to come into the city: and a wench went and told them; and they went and told king David.

18

Nevertheless a lad saw them, and told Absalom: but they went both of them away quickly, and came to a man's house in Bahurim, which had a well in his court; whither they went down.

19

And the woman took and spread a covering over the well's mouth, and spread ground corn thereon; and the thing was not known.

20

And when Absalom's servants came to the woman to the house, they said, Where is Ahimaaz and Jonathan? And the woman said unto them, They be gone over the brook of water. And when they had sought and could not find them, they returned to Jerusalem.

21

And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out of the well, and went and told king David, and said unto David, Arise, and pass quickly over the water: for thus hath Ahithophel counselled against you.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the woman took and spread a covering over the well's mouth, and spread ground corn thereon; and the thing was not known.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Competing Counsel, emphasizing divine providence over human wisdom. The contrast between Ahithophel's shrewd counsel and Hushai's divinely-blessed alternative demonstrates God's providential control over human wisdom. The text explicitly states "the LORD had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel" (v. 14), emphasizing divine sovereignty. Ahithophel's suicide demonstrates despair when human wisdom fails. Theological themes include God's sovereignty over human planning, divine protection of His anointed, and the inadequacy of worldly wisdom apart from God.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 17 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding divine providence over human wisdom provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of divine providence over human wisdom?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וַתִּקַּ֣ח1 of 14

took

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

הָֽאִשָּׁ֗ה2 of 14

And the woman

H802

a woman

וַתִּפְרֹ֤שׂ3 of 14

and spread

H6566

to break apart, disperse, etc

אֶת4 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַמָּסָךְ֙5 of 14

a covering

H4539

a cover, i.e., veil

עַל6 of 14
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

פְּנֵ֣י7 of 14

mouth

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

הַבְּאֵ֔ר8 of 14

over the well's

H875

a pit; especially a well

וַתִּשְׁטַ֥ח9 of 14

and spread

H7849

to expand

עָלָ֖יו10 of 14
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הָֽרִפ֑וֹת11 of 14

ground corn

H7383

(only plural), grits (as pounded)

וְלֹ֥א12 of 14
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

נוֹדַ֖ע13 of 14

was not known

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

דָּבָֽר׃14 of 14

thereon and the thing

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 17:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Samuel 17:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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