King James Version

What Does 2 Kings 23:21 Mean?

2 Kings 23:21 in the King James Version says “And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the LORD your God, as it is written in the book of... — study this verse from 2 Kings chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the LORD your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant.

2 Kings 23:21 · KJV


Context

19

And all the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the LORD to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Bethel.

20

And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them, and returned to Jerusalem. slew: or, sacrificed

21

And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the LORD your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant.

22

Surely there was not holden such a passover from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah;

23

But in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, wherein this passover was holden to the LORD in Jerusalem.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the LORD your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship with Israel and His sovereign control over historical events. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-rooted corruption, revealing that external religious activity cannot substitute for heart transformation.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 23 takes place during the final century of Judah's existence, 7th century BCE, including Manasseh and Josiah's reigns. The chapter's theme (Josiah's Thorough Reforms) reflects the historical reality of the worst apostasy under Manasseh followed by the most thorough reforms under Josiah, demonstrating that external righteousness cannot reverse God's determined judgment. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse contribute to understanding the theological message of 2 Kings 23 regarding comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment?
  2. What does this passage reveal about God's character, particularly His justice, mercy, and faithfulness to covenant promises?
  3. In what practical ways should this text shape contemporary Christian thinking about faithfulness, worship, and obedience to God?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וַיְצַ֤ו1 of 15

commanded

H6680

(intensively) to constitute, enjoin

הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙2 of 15

And the king

H4428

a king

אֶת3 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל4 of 15
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָעָ֣ם5 of 15

all the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

לֵאמֹ֔ר6 of 15

saying

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

עֲשׂ֣וּ7 of 15

Keep

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

פֶ֔סַח8 of 15

the passover

H6453

a pretermission, i.e., exemption; used only techically of the jewish passover (the festival or the victim)

לַֽיהוָ֖ה9 of 15

unto the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם10 of 15

your God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

כַּכָּת֕וּב11 of 15

as it is written

H3789

to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)

עַ֛ל12 of 15
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

סֵ֥פֶר13 of 15

in the book

H5612

properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book

הַבְּרִ֖ית14 of 15

of this covenant

H1285

a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)

הַזֶּֽה׃15 of 15
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Kings 23:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Kings 23:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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