About 2 Kings

2 Kings continues the history of the divided kingdom through the exile, showing how both nations fell due to covenant unfaithfulness.

Author: Jeremiah (traditionally)Written: c. 560-540 BCReading time: ~5 minVerses: 37
JudgmentExileProphetic MinistryReformCovenantDecline

King James Version

2 Kings 23

37 verses with commentary

Josiah's Reforms

And the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

XXIII. JOSIAH RENEWS THE COVENANT, ROOTS OUT IDOLTARY, AND HOLDS A SOLEMEN PASSOVER.HIS END. (1) **They gathered.**—The right reading is probably that of the Syriac and Vulg., *there gathered*. Chron., LXX., and Arabic have *he gathered*. **All the elders.**—The representatives of the nation.

And the king went up into the house of the LORD, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the people, both small and great: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in the house of the LORD. both: Heb. from small even unto great

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the king went up into the house of the LORD, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the people, both small and great: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in the house of the LORD.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehen...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **And the prophets.**—That is, the numerous members of the prophetic order, who at this time formed a distinct class, repeatedly mentioned in the writings of Jeremiah (*e.g*., Jeremiah 2:8; Jeremiah 5:31; Jeremiah 6:13), as well as of older prophets. The Targum has *the scribes*, the γραμματεύς of the New Testament, a class which hardly existed so early. Chron. and some MSS. reads *the Levites...
Read full commentary →

And the king stood by a pillar, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all their heart and all their soul, to perform the words of this covenant that were written in this book. And all the people stood to the covenant.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the king stood by a pillar, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all their heart and all their soul, to perform the words of this covenant that were written in this book. And all the people stood to the covenant.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Compr...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **By a pillar.**—*On the stand or dais* (2Kings 11:14). **A covenant.**—*The covenant*, which had so often been broken. Josiah pledged himself “to walk after the Lord,” and imposed a similar pledge on the people. **Stood to the covenant**—*i.e., entered it;* took the same pledge as the king. (Comp. 2Kings 18:28.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 11 2Ki 11:1-3. Jehoash Saved from Athaliah's Massacre. **1. Athaliah--**(See on 2Ch 22:2). She had possessed great influence over her son, who, by her counsels, had ruled in the spirit of the house of Ahab. **destroyed all the seed royal--**all connected with the royal family who might have urged a claim to the throne, and who had escaped the murderous hands of Jehu (2Ch 21:2-4; 22:1...
Read full commentary →

And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the door, to bring forth out of the temple of the LORD all the vessels that were made for Baal, and for the grove, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron, and carried the ashes of them unto Bethel.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the door, to bring forth out of the temple of the LORD all the vessels that were made for Baal, and for the grove, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron, and carried the ashes of them unto Beth-el.</strong><br><br>This verse contribu...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **The priests of the second order.**—Thenius is probably right in reading the singular, *the priest of the second rank, i.e.*, the high priest’s deputy, after the Targum, unless the heads of the twenty-four classes be intended (“the chief priests” of the New Testament). (See also 2Kings 25:18.) **The keepers of the door** (threshold).—The three chief warders (2Kings 25:18.) **Out of the temple...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. Jehosheba--**or Jehoshabeath (2Ch 22:11). **daughter of King Joram--**not by Athaliah, but by a secondary wife. **stole him from among the king's sons which were slain--**either from among the corpses, he being considered dead, or out of the palace nursery. **hid him ... in the bedchamber--**for the use of the priests, which was in some part of the temple (2Ki 11:3), and of which Jehoia...
Read full commentary →

And he put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets, and to all the host of heaven. put: Heb. caused to cease idolatrous: Heb. Chemarim planets: or, twelve signs or, constellations

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets, and to all the host of heaven.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive refor...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **He put down.**—Syriac and Arabic, *he slew*. **The idolatrous priests.**—The *kěmārîm*, or *black-robed* priests (Hosea 10:5, of the priests of the calf-worship at Beth-el). Only occurring besides in Zephaniah 1:4. Here, as in the passage of Hosea, the word denotes the unlawful priests of Jehovah, as contrasted with those of the Baal, mentioned in the next place. Whether the term really mean...
Read full commentary →

And he brought out the grove from the house of the LORD, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the people.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he brought out the grove from the house of the LORD, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the people.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emp...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **And he brought out the grove . . .**—The Asherah set up by Manasseh (2Kings 21:3; 2Kings 21:7), and removed by him on his repentance (2Chronicles 33:15), but restored (probably) by Amon (2Kings 21:21). **Unto the brook . . . at the brook.**—*Unto the ravine* . . . *in the ravine, or wady*. **The graves of the children** (sons) **of the people**—*i.e.*, the common graves (Jeremiah 26:23); a m...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. the seventh year--**namely, of the reign of Athaliah, and the rescue of Jehoash. **Jehoiada sent and fetched the rulers, &amp;c.--**He could scarcely have obtained such a general convocation except at the time, or on pretext, of a public and solemn festival. Having revealed to them the secret of the young king's preservation and entered into a covenant with them for the overthrow of the tyr...
Read full commentary →

And he brake down the houses of the sodomites, that were by the house of the LORD, where the women wove hangings for the grove. hangings: Heb. houses

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he brake down the houses of the sodomites, that were by the house of the LORD, where the women wove hangings for the grove.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship with Israel and His sovereign control over historical events. In Judah's l...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **The houses . . . by the house.**—*The cabins of the Kedēshim* . . . *in the house*. The *Kedēshim* were *males*, perhaps eunuchs, who prostituted themselves like women in honour of the Asherah. (See 1Kings 14:24; 1Kings 15:12; Hosea 4:14.) The passage shows that the last infamy of Canaanite nature-worship had been established in the very sanctuary of Jehovah. The revolt of Judah could go no ...
Read full commentary →

And he brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beersheba, and brake down the high places of the gates that were in the entering in of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a man's left hand at the gate of the city.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beer-sheba, and brake down the high places of the gates that were in the entering in of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a man's left hand at the gate of the city.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of c...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **And he brought all the priests . . .**—Josiah caused all the priests of the local sanctuaries of Jehovah to migrate to Jerusalem, and polluted the high places to which they had been attached, in order to get rid of the illegitimate worship once for all. **From Geba.**—The present *Jeba*, near the ancient Ramah (1Kings 15:22). **To Beer-sheba.**—Where was a specially frequented high place (Am...
Read full commentary →

Nevertheless the priests of the high places came not up to the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem, but they did eat of the unleavened bread among their brethren.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Nevertheless the priests of the high places came not up to the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem, but they did eat of the unleavened bread among their brethren.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship with Israel and His sovereign control over h...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Nevertheless . . . came not up to the altar.**—*Only the, priests of the high places used not to offer at the altar*. They were not permitted to do so, being considered to be incapacitated for that office by their former illegal ministrations. **But they did eat.**—They might not even eat their share of the meat offerings in company with the legitimate priests; but had to take their meals ap...
Read full commentary →

And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-rooted corruption, revealing that extern...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **Topheth.**—Heb. *the Topheth; i.e., the burning place, or hearth*, if the word be rightly derived from the Persian tōften, “to burn.” The Hebrew word, however, has been so modified as to suggest a derivation from tōph, “to spit;” so that the epithet would mean “the abomination.” (Comp. 2Kings 23:13.) (Comp. also Job 17:6; Isaiah 30:33; and the Coptic tāf, “spittle.”) **The valley of the chi...
Read full commentary →

And he took away the horses that the kings of Judah had given to the sun, at the entering in of the house of the LORD, by the chamber of Nathanmelech the chamberlain, which was in the suburbs, and burned the chariots of the sun with fire. chamberlain: or, eunuch, or, officer

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he took away the horses that the kings of Judah had given to the sun, at the entering in of the house of the LORD, by the chamber of Nathan-melech the chamberlain, which was in the suburbs, and burned the chariots of the sun with fire.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emph...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **He took away.**—The same word as “put down” (2Kings 23:5). Here, as there, the Syriac and Arabic render, “he killed,” which is possibly a correct gloss. **The horses . . . the sun.**—These horses drew “the chariots of the sun” in solemn processions held in honour of that deity. (See Herod, i. 189; Xenoph. *Anab. iv.* 5. 34, *seq*.; Quint. Curt. iii 3. 11.) Horses were also sacrificed to the...
Read full commentary →

And the altars that were on the top of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king beat down, and brake them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron. brake: or, ran from thence

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the altars that were on the top of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king beat down, and brake them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation c...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **And the altars that were on the top** (roof) **of the upper chamber of Ahaz.**—The roof of an upper chamber in one of the Temple courts. perhaps built over one of the gateways (comp. Jeremiah 35:4), appears to be meant. The altars were for star-worship, which was especially practised on housetops. (Comp. Jeremiah 19:13; Jeremiah 32:29; Zephaniah 1:5.) **Brake them down from thence.**—The Ta...
Read full commentary →

And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile. the mount: that is, the mount of Olives

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chap...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **The high places that were before the city . . .**—See 1Kings 11:5-8. “Before” means “to the east of,” because, to determine the cardinal points, one faced the sunrise. The right hand was then the south, the left hand the north, and the back the west. **The mount of corruption.**—The southern summit of the Mount of Olives was so-called, because of the idolatry there practised. It still bears...
Read full commentary →

And he brake in pieces the images, and cut down the groves, and filled their places with the bones of men. images: Heb. statues

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he brake in pieces the images, and cut down the groves, and filled their places with the bones of men.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-rooted corruption, revealing that external religious activity cannot substitute for heart ...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **The images . . . the groves.**—*The pillars . . . the ash*ē*rahs*. These pillars and sacred trees may have been set up at the high places mentioned in the last verse; but the Hebrew construction does not *prove* this, for comp. 2Kings 23:10. The reference is probably general. **Their places.**—*Their place* or* station*; a technical term for the position of an idol (the Heb. *m*ā*q*ô*m*, eq...
Read full commentary →

Moreover the altar that was at Bethel, and the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, had made, both that altar and the high place he brake down, and burned the high place, and stamped it small to powder, and burned the grove.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Moreover the altar that was at Beth-el, and the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, had made, both that altar and the high place he brake down, and burned the high place, and stamped it small to powder, and burned the grove.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. In ...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **The altar . . . and the high place.**—The *and* is wanting in the Hebrew, LXX., and Targum.It is supplied in the Syriac, Vulgate, and Arabic, correctly as regards the sense; see below. Grammatically, “the high place” may be in apposition to “the altar,” and may include it, as being a more general term. **Which Jeroboam the son of Nebat . . .**—See 1Kings 12:28 *seq*. **Burned the high place...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13. Athaliah heard the noise of the guard and of the people--**The profound secrecy with which the conspiracy had been conducted rendered the unusual acclamations of the vast assembled crowd the more startling and roused the suspicions of the tyrant. **she came ... into the temple of the Lord--**that is, the courts, which she was permitted to enter by Jehoiada's directions (2Ki 11:8) in order ...
Read full commentary →

And as Josiah turned himself, he spied the sepulchres that were there in the mount, and sent, and took the bones out of the sepulchres, and burned them upon the altar, and polluted it, according to the word of the LORD which the man of God proclaimed, who proclaimed these words.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And as Josiah turned himself, he spied the sepulchres that were there in the mount, and sent, and took the bones out of the sepulchres, and burned them upon the altar, and polluted it, according to the word of the LORD which the man of God proclaimed, who proclaimed these words.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot aver...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16-18) These verses are supposed by Stähelin to be a fictitious addition of the compiler’s. Thenius does not go so far as this, but assumes that the proper sequel of 1Kings 13:1-32, has been transferred to this place. He argues that it must be an interpolation here, because (1) the “moreover” of 2Kings 23:15 (*w*ě*gam*) corresponds to the “and . . . also” (*w*ě*gam*) of 2Kings 23:19, which does n...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. the king stood by a pillar--**or on a platform, erected for that purpose (see on 2Ch 6:13).

Then he said, What title is that that I see? And the men of the city told him, It is the sepulchre of the man of God, which came from Judah, and proclaimed these things that thou hast done against the altar of Bethel.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then he said, What title is that that I see? And the men of the city told him, It is the sepulchre of the man of God, which came from Judah, and proclaimed these things that thou hast done against the altar of Beth-el.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's coven...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **What title is this?**—*What is yonder monument, or memorial stone*? Ezekiel 39:15, “sign.” Jeremiah uses the same term of a sign-post (Jeremiah 31:21, “waymarks”). (See 1Kings 13:29 *seq*.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. without the ranges--**that is, fences, that the sacred place might not be stained with human blood. 2Ki 11:17-20. Jehoiada Restores God's Worship.

And he said, Let him alone; let no man move his bones. So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet that came out of Samaria. bones alone: Heb. bones to escape

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he said, Let him alone; let no man move his bones. So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet that came out of Samaria.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The prophetic ministry served as God's primary means of covenant enforcement, calling both kings and people to faithfuln...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **Let him alone.**—Or, *Let him rest.* **So they let his bones alone.**—A different verb. *And they suffered his bones to escape*, scil., disturbance. **With the bones of the prophet . . .**—See 1Kings 13:31-32. **That came out of Samaria.**—This simply designates the old prophet who deceived the Judæan man of God, as a citizen of the Northern kingdom, which was called Samaria, after its capi...
Read full commentary →

And all the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the LORD to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Bethel.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And all the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the LORD to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Beth-el.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes ...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **The houses also of the high places**—*i.e.*, temples or chapels attached to the high places. **Josiah took away.**—Comp. 2Chronicles 34:6, from which it appears that the king’s zeal carried him as far as Naphtali. The question has been asked, how it was that Josiah was able to proceed thus beyond the limits of his own territory. It is possible that, as a vassal of Assyria, he enjoyed a cert...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-18. a covenant between the Lord and the king and the people--**The covenant with the Lord was a renewal of the national covenant with Israel (Ex 19:1-24:18; "to be unto him a people of inheritance," De 4:6; 27:9). The covenant between the king and the people was the consequence of this, and by it the king bound himself to rule according to the divine law, while the people engaged to submit, t...
Read full commentary →

And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them, and returned to Jerusalem. slew: or, sacrificed

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them, and returned to Jerusalem.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-rooted corruption, revealing that external religious act...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **He slew.**—*He slaughtered*. A contrast to his mild treatment of the priests of the Judæan high places (2Kings 23:8-9). *They* were Levites, and these heathenish priests. (Comp. Deuteronomy 17:2-5.) Thus was fulfilled the prophecy of 1Kings 13:2. (Thenius considers the event historical, *because* that prophecy “is undoubtedly modelled upon it.”)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-18. a covenant between the Lord and the king and the people--**The covenant with the Lord was a renewal of the national covenant with Israel (Ex 19:1-24:18; "to be unto him a people of inheritance," De 4:6; 27:9). The covenant between the king and the people was the consequence of this, and by it the king bound himself to rule according to the divine law, while the people engaged to submit, t...
Read full commentary →

And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the LORD your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the LORD your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship with Israel and His sovereign control over historical events. The ...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **Keep the passover.**—*Hold a passover* (2Kings 23:22). (Comp. 2Chronicles 35:1-19 for a more detailed account of this unique celebration.) Josiah had the precedent of Hezekiah for signalising his religious revolution by a solemn passover (2Chronicles 30:1). **In the book of this covenant.**—Rather, *in this book of the covenant* (2Kings 23:2). The book was that which Hilkiah had found in th...
Read full commentary →

Surely there was not holden such a passover from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah;

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Surely there was not holden such a passover from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah;</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultima...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **Surely there was not holden . . .**—*For there was not holden* (*a passover*) *like this passover.* This and the next verse constitute a parenthetic remark, in which the historian emphasises the phrase, “As it is written in this book of the covenant.” No passover, from the time of the Judges onward had been celebrated in such strict conformity to the prescriptions of the Law. The LXX. omits...
Read full commentary →

But in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, wherein this passover was holden to the LORD in Jerusalem.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, wherein this passover was holden to the LORD in Jerusalem.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship with Israel and His sovereign control over historical events. The reference to kingship reminds read...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) **Wherein.**—Omit this word. As Ewald says, the meaning of these two verses is, that the passover was never so celebrated before, especially as regards (1) the offerings over and above the paschal lamb (Deuteronomy 16:2), and (2) the strict *unity* of the place of this festival (Deuteronomy 16:5). The assumption that *no passover had ever been held before* (De Wette), is obsolete, even among ...
Read full commentary →

Moreover the workers with familiar spirits, and the wizards, and the images, and the idols, and all the abominations that were spied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might perform the words of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the LORD. images: or, teraphim

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Moreover the workers with familiar spirits, and the wizards, and the images, and the idols, and all the abominations that were spied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might perform the words of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the LORD.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapte...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **Moreover the workers . . .**—After abolishing public idolatry, Josiah attacked the various forms of private superstition. **The workers with familiar spirits.**—*The necromancers* (‘*ôbôth*; 1Samuel 28:3 *seq*.). (See 2Kings 21:6.) **Images.**—See margin; and Genesis 31:19; Judges 17:5; 1Samuel 19:13; Zechariah 10:2. **The idols.**—*The dunglings.* Gresenius prefers to render, idol-blocks; ...
Read full commentary →

And like unto him was there no king before him, that turned to the LORD with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; neither after him arose there any like him.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And like unto him was there no king before him, that turned to the LORD with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; neither after him arose there any like him.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covena...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **And. like unto him was there no king before him.**—Comp. 2Kings 18:5-6, where a similar eulogy is passed upon Hezekiah. It is not, perhaps, necessary to insist upon any formal contradiction which may appear to result from a comparison of the two passages. A writer would not be careful to measure his words by the rule of strict proportion in such cases. Still, as the preceding account indica...
Read full commentary →

Notwithstanding the LORD turned not from the fierceness of his great wrath, wherewith his anger was kindled against Judah, because of all the provocations that Manasseh had provoked him withal. provocations: Heb. angers

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Notwithstanding the LORD turned not from the fierceness of his great wrath, wherewith his anger was kindled against Judah, because of all the provocations that Manasseh had provoked him withal.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship with Isr...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26, 27) The historian naturally adds these remarks to prepare the way for what he has soon to relate—the final ruin of the kingdom; and probably also to suggest an explanation of what must have seemed to him and his contemporaries a very mysterious stroke of providence, the untimely end of the good king Josiah. (26) **The fierceness of his great wrath . . . kindled.**—*The great heat of his wrath...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 12 2Ki 12:1-18. Jehoash Reigns Well while Jehoiada Lived. **2. Jehoash did that which was right in the sight of the Lord--**so far as related to his outward actions and the policy of his government. But it is evident from the sequel of his history that the rectitude of his administration was owing more to the salutary influence of his preserver and tutor, Jehoiada, than to the honest a...
Read full commentary →

And the LORD said, I will remove Judah also out of my sight, as I have removed Israel, and will cast off this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and the house of which I said, My name shall be there.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the LORD said, I will remove Judah also out of my sight, as I have removed Israel, and will cast off this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and the house of which I said, My name shall be there.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship w...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. But the high places were not taken away--**The popular fondness for the private and disorderly rites performed in the groves and recesses of hills was so inveterate that even the most powerful monarchs had been unable to accomplish their suppression; no wonder that in the early reign of a young king, and after the gross irregularities that had been allowed during the maladministration of Atha...
Read full commentary →

Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. In Judah's later hi...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(28-30) Josiah’s end. The historical abstract broken off at 2Kings 22:2 is now continued. (Comp. the more detailed account in 2Chronicles 35:20 *seq*.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. Jehoash said to the priests, &amp;c.--**There is here given an account of the measures which the young king took for repairing the temple by the levying of taxes: 1. "The money of every one that passeth the account," namely, half a shekel, as "an offering to the Lord" (Ex 30:13). 2. "The money that every man is set at," that is, the redemption price of every one who had devoted himself or any...
Read full commentary →

Josiah's Death

In his days Pharaohnechoh king of Egypt went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates: and king Josiah went against him; and he slew him at Megiddo, when he had seen him.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>In his days Pharaoh-nechoh king of Egypt went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates: and king Josiah went against him; and he slew him at Megiddo, when he had seen him.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subor...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(29) **Pharaoh-nechoh.**—Necho II., the successor of Psammetichus, and the sixth king of the 26th or Saite dynasty, called Νεκὼς by Herodotus (ii. 158, 159; 4:42); he reigned circ. 611-605 B.C. , but is not mentioned in the Assyrian records, so far as they are at present known to us. **The king of Assyria.**—It is sometimes assumed that Necho’s expedition was directed against “the then ruler of wh...
Read full commentary →

And his servants carried him in a chariot dead from Megiddo, and brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own sepulchre. And the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, and made him king in his father's stead.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And his servants carried him in a chariot dead from Megiddo, and brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own sepulchre. And the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, and made him king in his father's stead.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The reference...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(30) **And his servants carried him . . .**—See Notes 2Chronicles 35:24. **The people of the land.**—Thenius says they were the soldiery who had fled to Jerusalem; but this is doubtful. **Took Jehoahaz.**—He was not the eldest son (see 2Kings 23:36), but he may have been thought a more capable prince amid the emergencies of the time, although Jeremiah 22:10 *seq*. shows that this estimate was fall...
Read full commentary →

Jehoahaz's Reign in Judah

Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-rooted corruption, r...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7-10. Why repair ye not the breaches of the house?--**This mode of collection not proving so productive as was expected (the dilatoriness of the priests was the chief cause of the failure), a new arrangement was proposed. A chest was placed by the high priest at the entrance into the temple, into which the money given by the people for the repairs of the temple was to be put by the Levites who k...
Read full commentary →

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship with Israel and His sovereign control over historical events. In Judah's later history, we see both g...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(32) **And he did that which was evil . . .**—Comp. Ezekiel’s lamentation for the princes of Judah,” where Jehoahaz is called a young lion that “devoureth men,” alluding to his oppressive rapacity and shameless abuse of power (Ezekiel 19:1-4).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7-10. Why repair ye not the breaches of the house?--**This mode of collection not proving so productive as was expected (the dilatoriness of the priests was the chief cause of the failure), a new arrangement was proposed. A chest was placed by the high priest at the entrance into the temple, into which the money given by the people for the repairs of the temple was to be put by the Levites who k...
Read full commentary →

And Pharaohnechoh put him in bands at Riblah in the land of Hamath, that he might not reign in Jerusalem; and put the land to a tribute of an hundred talents of silver, and a talent of gold. that: or, because he reigned put the: Heb. set a fine upon the land

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Pharaoh-nechoh put him in bands at Riblah in the land of Hamath, that he might not reign in Jerusalem; and put the land to a tribute of an hundred talents of silver, and a talent of gold.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-roote...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(33) **And Pharaoh-nechoh put him in bands . . .**—See Note on 2Chronicles 36:3. The LXX. here has “removed him,” but the other versions “bound him.” **That he might not reign.**—This is the reading of the Hebrew margin, some MSS., and the LXX., Vulg., and Targum. The Syriac and Arabic have, “when he reigned,” which is the ordinary Hebrew text. The original text of the whole was perhaps this: “and...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7-10. Why repair ye not the breaches of the house?--**This mode of collection not proving so productive as was expected (the dilatoriness of the priests was the chief cause of the failure), a new arrangement was proposed. A chest was placed by the high priest at the entrance into the temple, into which the money given by the people for the repairs of the temple was to be put by the Levites who k...
Read full commentary →

And Pharaohnechoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father, and turned his name to Jehoiakim, and took Jehoahaz away: and he came to Egypt, and died there.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Pharaoh-nechoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father, and turned his name to Jehoiakim, and took Jehoahaz away: and he came to Egypt, and died there.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subor...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

**THE REIGN OF JEHOAHAZ** (31-34). (34) **Jehoahaz.**—Called Shallum (Jeremiah 22:11; 1Chronicles 3:15), which may have been his name before his accession. (Comp. 2Kings 23:34; 2Kings 24:17.) Hitzig suggested that he was so called by Jeremiah in allusion to his brief reign, as if he were a *second* Shallum (2Kings 15:13). It is against this that Shallum was not a Judean prince, but an obscure adve...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7-10. Why repair ye not the breaches of the house?--**This mode of collection not proving so productive as was expected (the dilatoriness of the priests was the chief cause of the failure), a new arrangement was proposed. A chest was placed by the high priest at the entrance into the temple, into which the money given by the people for the repairs of the temple was to be put by the Levites who k...
Read full commentary →

And Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; but he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh: he exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, of every one according to his taxation, to give it unto Pharaohnechoh.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; but he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh: he exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, of every one according to his taxation, to give it unto Pharaoh-nechoh.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain ...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

**THE REIGN OF JEHOIAKIM** (2Kings 23:35 to 2Kings 24:7). (35) **And Jehoiakim gave.**—*And the silver and the gold did Jehoiakim give* . . . He had to pay for his elevation. The raising of the fine of 2Kings 23:33 is described in this verse. **But he taxed . . .**—The king kept his pledge to Pharaoh, but not out of his own means. He exacted the money from “the people of the land,” *i.e.*, the peo...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-12. they gave the money, being told, into the hands of them that did the work--**The king sent his secretary along with an agent of the high priest to count the money in the chest from time to time (2Ch 24:11), and deliver the amount to the overseers of the building, who paid the workmen and purchased all necessary materials. The custom of putting sums of certain amount in bags, which are lab...
Read full commentary →

Jehoiakim's Reign in Judah

Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-rooted corruption, rev...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-12. they gave the money, being told, into the hands of them that did the work--**The king sent his secretary along with an agent of the high priest to count the money in the chest from time to time (2Ch 24:11), and deliver the amount to the overseers of the building, who paid the workmen and purchased all necessary materials. The custom of putting sums of certain amount in bags, which are lab...
Read full commentary →

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship with Israel and His sovereign control over historical events. In Judah's later history, we see both g...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13-16. Howbeit there were not made ... bowls, &amp;c.--**When the repairs of the temple had been completed, the surplus was appropriated to the purchase of the temple furniture. The integrity of the overseers of the work being undoubted, no account was exacted of the way in which they applied the money given to them, while other moneys levied at the temple were left to the disposal of the priest...
Read full commentary →

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study