King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 29:9 Mean?

1 Samuel 29:9 in the King James Version says “And Achish answered and said to David, I know that thou art good in my sight, as an angel of God: notwithstanding the pr... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 29 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Achish answered and said to David, I know that thou art good in my sight, as an angel of God: notwithstanding the princes of the Philistines have said, He shall not go up with us to the battle.

1 Samuel 29:9 · KJV


Context

7

Wherefore now return, and go in peace, that thou displease not the lords of the Philistines. displease: Heb. do not evil in the eyes of the lords

8

And David said unto Achish, But what have I done? and what hast thou found in thy servant so long as I have been with thee unto this day, that I may not go fight against the enemies of my lord the king? with: Heb. before thee

9

And Achish answered and said to David, I know that thou art good in my sight, as an angel of God: notwithstanding the princes of the Philistines have said, He shall not go up with us to the battle.

10

Wherefore now rise up early in the morning with thy master's servants that are come with thee: and as soon as ye be up early in the morning, and have light, depart.

11

So David and his men rose up early to depart in the morning, to return into the land of the Philistines. And the Philistines went up to Jezreel.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Achish's comparison of David to 'an angel of God' (Hebrew: 'kemal'ak elohim') ironically uses divine vocabulary to describe someone whose primary activity has been deception. The Philistine king's complete confidence in David's goodness reveals how thoroughly the deception succeeded. Yet the phrase also carries theological weight: David has indeed functioned as a divine messenger, carrying out Israel's mandate against Amalekites and other enemies while appearing to serve Philistia. God's providence works through even compromised circumstances.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The phrase 'angel of God' in ancient Near Eastern context could mean divine messenger or simply someone exceptionally good. Achish's use of it expresses highest confidence in David's character and loyalty.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you feel when others' high estimation of you is based on incomplete information?
  2. What does it mean that God's purposes can work through compromised human actions?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 20 words
וַיַּ֣עַן1 of 20

answered

H6030

properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,

אָכִישׁ֮2 of 20

And Achish

H397

akish, a philistine king

אָֽמְר֔וּ3 of 20

and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אֶל4 of 20
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

דָּוִד֒5 of 20

to David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

יָדַ֕עְתִּי6 of 20

I know

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

כִּ֣י7 of 20
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

ט֥וֹב8 of 20

that thou art good

H2896

good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good

אַתָּ֛ה9 of 20
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

בְּעֵינַ֖י10 of 20

in my sight

H5869

an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)

כְּמַלְאַ֣ךְ11 of 20

as an angel

H4397

a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)

אֱלֹהִ֑ים12 of 20

of God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

אַ֣ךְ13 of 20
H389

a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only

שָׂרֵ֤י14 of 20

notwithstanding the princes

H8269

a head person (of any rank or class)

פְלִשְׁתִּים֙15 of 20

of the Philistines

H6430

a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

אָֽמְר֔וּ16 of 20

and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לֹֽא17 of 20
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יַעֲלֶ֥ה18 of 20

He shall not go up

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

עִמָּ֖נוּ19 of 20
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃20 of 20

with us to the battle

H4421

a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 29:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 29:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study