King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 26:18 Mean?

1 Samuel 26:18 in the King James Version says “And he said, Wherefore doth my lord thus pursue after his servant? for what have I done? or what evil is in mine hand? — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 26 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he said, Wherefore doth my lord thus pursue after his servant? for what have I done? or what evil is in mine hand?

1 Samuel 26:18 · KJV


Context

16

This thing is not good that thou hast done. As the LORD liveth, ye are worthy to die, because ye have not kept your master, the LORD'S anointed. And now see where the king's spear is, and the cruse of water that was at his bolster. worthy to die: Heb. the sons of death

17

And Saul knew David's voice, and said, Is this thy voice, my son David? And David said, It is my voice, my lord, O king.

18

And he said, Wherefore doth my lord thus pursue after his servant? for what have I done? or what evil is in mine hand?

19

Now therefore, I pray thee, let my lord the king hear the words of his servant. If the LORD have stirred thee up against me, let him accept an offering: but if they be the children of men, cursed be they before the LORD; for they have driven me out this day from abiding in the inheritance of the LORD, saying, Go, serve other gods. accept: Heb. smell abiding: Heb. cleaving

20

Now therefore, let not my blood fall to the earth before the face of the LORD: for the king of Israel is come out to seek a flea, as when one doth hunt a partridge in the mountains.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
David's plaintive question exposes the irrationality of Saul's persecution: 'Wherefore doth my lord thus pursue after his servant?' The Hebrew construction emphasizes the absurdity: the king of Israel hunting a faithful servant who has done no wrong. David's appeal to evidence ('what have I done? or what evil is in mine hand?') challenges Saul to produce any legitimate justification. This defense anticipates the righteous sufferer's cry throughout Scripture, culminating in Christ before His accusers.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The servant-master relationship (Hebrew: 'eved') implied mutual obligations in ancient Israel. Masters owed protection and provision; servants owed loyalty and service. David's faithful service made Saul's persecution a violation of covenantal expectations.

Reflection Questions

  1. When have you suffered persecution without legitimate cause?
  2. How does David's appeal to justice model appropriate self-defense?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר1 of 13

And he said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לָ֥מָּה2 of 13
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

זֶּ֛ה3 of 13
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

אֲדֹנִ֥י4 of 13

Wherefore doth my lord

H113

sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)

רֹדֵ֖ף5 of 13

thus pursue

H7291

to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)

אַֽחֲרֵ֣י6 of 13

after

H310

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

עַבְדּ֑וֹ7 of 13

his servant

H5650

a servant

כִּ֚י8 of 13
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

מֶ֣ה9 of 13
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

עָשִׂ֔יתִי10 of 13

for what have I done

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

וּמַה11 of 13
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

בְּיָדִ֖י12 of 13

is in mine hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

רָעָֽה׃13 of 13

or what evil

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 26:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 26:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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