King James Version

What Does 1 Peter 1:20 Mean?

1 Peter 1:20 in the King James Version says “Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you, — study this verse from 1 Peter chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you,

1 Peter 1:20 · KJV


Context

18

Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers;

19

But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot:

20

Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you,

21

Who by him do believe in God, that raised him up from the dead, and gave him glory; that your faith and hope might be in God.

22

Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, see that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Peter reveals Christ's eternal role in redemption. "Who verily was foreordained" (proegenōsmenou men) uses perfect passive participle indicating completed action with lasting results—Christ was foreknown/foreordained by God and remains so. "Before the foundation of the world" (pro katabolēs kosmou) places divine decree before creation—redemption wasn't divine afterthought but eternal plan. God predetermined Christ's sacrificial role in eternity past. Yet "was manifest in these last times for you" (phanderōthentos de ep' eschatou tōn chronōn di' hymas)—though eternally planned, manifestation occurred in history at appointed time. "Last times" refers to messianic age inaugurated by Christ's first advent. "For you" emphasizes believers' privilege—Christ's appearance benefits them specifically.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This verse counters notions that Christ's mission emerged unexpectedly due to human sin. Reformed theology emphasizes God's eternal decree (decretum)—before creation, God planned redemption through Christ. This demonstrates God's sovereignty, wisdom, and grace. The phrase echoes Paul (Ephesians 1:4, "chosen before foundation of world") and Revelation 13:8 ("Lamb slain from foundation"). Early church fathers used this verse defending Christ's deity against Arian heresy—Christ's pre-existence as part of eternal Godhead, not created being.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does knowing Christ was foreordained as Redeemer before creation deepen your understanding of God's sovereignty and grace?
  2. What does it mean that Christ appeared 'for you' specifically, and how should this personalization affect your gratitude?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 13 words
προεγνωσμένου1 of 13

was foreordained

G4267

to know beforehand, i.e., foresee

μὲν2 of 13

Who verily

G3303

properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with g1161 (this one, the former, etc.)

πρὸ3 of 13

before

G4253

"fore", i.e., in front of, prior (figuratively, superior) to

καταβολῆς4 of 13

the foundation

G2602

a deposition, i.e., founding; figuratively, conception

κόσμου5 of 13

of the world

G2889

orderly arrangement, i.e., decoration; by implication, the world (including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))

φανερωθέντος6 of 13

was manifest

G5319

to render apparent (literally or figuratively)

δὲ7 of 13

but

G1161

but, and, etc

ἐπ'8 of 13

in

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

ἐσχάτων9 of 13

these last

G2078

farthest, final (of place or time)

τῶν10 of 13
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

χρόνων11 of 13

times

G5550

a space of time (in general, and thus properly distinguished from g2540, which designates a fixed or special occasion; and from g0165, which denotes a

δι'12 of 13

for

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

ὑμᾶς13 of 13

you

G5209

you (as the objective of a verb or preposition)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Peter. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Peter 1:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Peter 1:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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