King James Version

What Does 1 Kings 19:20 Mean?

1 Kings 19:20 in the King James Version says “And he left the oxen, and ran after Elijah, and said, Let me, I pray thee, kiss my father and my mother, and then I will... — study this verse from 1 Kings chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he left the oxen, and ran after Elijah, and said, Let me, I pray thee, kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow thee. And he said unto him, Go back again: for what have I done to thee? Go: Heb. Go return

1 Kings 19:20 · KJV


Context

18

Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him. I have: or, I will leave

19

So he departed thence, and found Elisha the son of Shaphat, who was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen before him, and he with the twelfth : and Elijah passed by him, and cast his mantle upon him.

20

And he left the oxen, and ran after Elijah, and said, Let me, I pray thee, kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow thee. And he said unto him, Go back again: for what have I done to thee? Go: Heb. Go return

21

And he returned back from him, and took a yoke of oxen, and slew them, and boiled their flesh with the instruments of the oxen, and gave unto the people, and they did eat. Then he arose, and went after Elijah, and ministered unto him.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he left the oxen, and ran after Elijah, and said, Let me, I pray thee, kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow thee. And he said unto him, Go back again: for what have I done to thee?

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of elijah flees to horeb, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism. The prophetic office represents God's faithful witness even in apostasy, calling His people back to covenant faithfulness.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage illustrate the importance of complete obedience to God's word without compromise?
  2. What does Elijah's ministry reveal about God's character and His commitment to His covenant people?
  3. How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 21 words
וַיַּֽעֲזֹ֣ב1 of 21

And he left

H5800

to loosen, i.e., relinquish, permit, etc

אֶת2 of 21
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַבָּקָ֗ר3 of 21

the oxen

H1241

a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd

וַיָּ֙רָץ֙4 of 21

and ran

H7323

to run (for whatever reason, especially to rush)

אַֽחֲרֶ֑יךָ5 of 21

after

H310

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

אֵֽלִיָּ֔הוּ6 of 21

Elijah

H452

elijah, the name of the famous prophet and of two other israelites

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר7 of 21

and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אֶשְּׁקָה8 of 21

Let me I pray thee kiss

H5401

to kiss, literally or figuratively (touch); also (as a mode of attachment), to equip with weapons

נָּא֙9 of 21
H4994

'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction

לְאָבִ֣י10 of 21

my father

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

וּלְאִמִּ֔י11 of 21

and my mother

H517

a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])

וְאֵֽלְכָ֖ה12 of 21
H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

אַֽחֲרֶ֑יךָ13 of 21

after

H310

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר14 of 21

and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לוֹ֙15 of 21
H0
לֵ֣ךְ16 of 21

and then I will follow

H3212

to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses)

שׁ֔וּב17 of 21

again

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

כִּ֥י18 of 21
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

מֶֽה19 of 21
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

עָשִׂ֖יתִי20 of 21

for what have I done

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

לָֽךְ׃21 of 21
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Kings 19:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Kings 19:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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