King James Version

What Does 1 Corinthians 7:3 Mean?

1 Corinthians 7:3 in the King James Version says “Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence: and likewise also the wife unto the husband. — study this verse from 1 Corinthians chapter 7 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence: and likewise also the wife unto the husband.

1 Corinthians 7:3 · KJV


Context

1

Now concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me: It is good for a man not to touch a woman.

2

Nevertheless , to avoid fornication, let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband.

3

Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence: and likewise also the wife unto the husband.

4

The wife hath not power of her own body, but the husband: and likewise also the husband hath not power of his own body, but the wife.

5

Defraud ye not one the other, except it be with consent for a time, that ye may give yourselves to fasting and prayer; and come together again, that Satan tempt you not for your incontinency.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence—the term opheilēn (ὀφειλήν, "what is due") indicates conjugal rights as a marital obligation, not optional affection. Paul uses reciprocal language: and likewise also the wife unto the husband, establishing complete mutuality in sexual relations—revolutionary in a patriarchal culture.

The phrase tēn opheilēn refers specifically to sexual intimacy, which Paul frames as a duty of love rather than selfish demand. This "due benevolence" (eunoia in some manuscripts, meaning "goodwill") emphasizes that marital sexuality involves generous giving, not mere obligation. Both spouses are to actively pursue the other's satisfaction.

Paul's teaching radically elevates the wife's rights, countering cultural assumptions of male dominance in sexual matters. Neither spouse may unilaterally withhold sexual intimacy, which would defraud the other (v. 5). This mutuality reflects the one-flesh union of Genesis 2:24 and anticipates Ephesians 5's picture of marriage mirroring Christ and the church.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

In Greco-Roman marriage, wives were expected to submit to husbands' sexual demands, while men frequently sought gratification elsewhere with concubines, prostitutes, or slaves. Jewish teaching emphasized the husband's obligation to provide intimacy, but Paul's insistence on complete reciprocity was groundbreaking.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Paul's emphasis on mutual obligation challenge selfish or one-sided views of marital intimacy?
  2. What does it mean to approach conjugal relations with "benevolence" and generosity rather than mere duty?
  3. How does this verse's reciprocity reflect the equality and mutual submission inherent in Christian marriage?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
τῇ1 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γυνὴ2 of 15

the wife

G1135

a woman; specially, a wife

3 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀνδρί4 of 15

the husband

G435

a man (properly as an individual male)

τὴν5 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὀφειλομένην6 of 15

due

G3784

to owe (pecuniarily); figuratively, to be under obligation (ought, must, should); morally, to fail in duty

εὔνοιαν7 of 15

benevolence

G2133

kindness; euphemistically, conjugal duty

ἀποδιδότω8 of 15

Let

G591

to give away, i.e., up, over, back, etc. (in various applications)

ὁμοίως9 of 15

likewise

G3668

similarly

δὲ10 of 15

and

G1161

but, and, etc

καὶ11 of 15

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

12 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γυνὴ13 of 15

the wife

G1135

a woman; specially, a wife

τῷ14 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀνδρί15 of 15

the husband

G435

a man (properly as an individual male)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Corinthians. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Corinthians 7:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Corinthians 7:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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