King James Version

What Does Exodus 21:10 Mean?

Exodus 21:10 in the King James Version says “If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish.

Exodus 21:10 · KJV


Context

8

If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her. please: Heb. be evil in the eyes of, etc

9

And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.

10

If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish.

11

And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money.

12

He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish.

This judgment (mishpat) from the Book of the Covenant applies moral law to civil society. God's justice is comprehensive—addressing economic disputes, family relations, and community welfare. The case laws teach covenant people how to love God and neighbor practically. Through detailed ordinances, God shapes Israel as holy nation, distinct from pagan neighbors. These laws reveal God's character: just, merciful, concerned with details of everyday life.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Book of the Covenant (Exodus 20:22-23:33) is Israel's foundational legal code, predating later expansions in Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. It addresses civil, criminal, and ceremonial matters.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
אִם1 of 9
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

אַחֶ֖רֶת2 of 9

him another

H312

properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc

יִֽקַּֽח3 of 9

If he take

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

ל֑וֹ4 of 9
H0
שְׁאֵרָ֛הּ5 of 9

wife her food

H7607

flesh (as swelling out), as living or for food; generally food of any kind; figuratively, kindred by blood

כְּסוּתָ֥הּ6 of 9

her raiment

H3682

a cover (garment); figuratively, a veiling

וְעֹֽנָתָ֖הּ7 of 9

and her duty of marriage

H5772

(sexual) cohabitation

לֹ֥א8 of 9
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִגְרָֽע׃9 of 9

shall he not diminish

H1639

to scrape off; by implication, to shave, remove, lessen, withhold


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 21:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 21:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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