About Numbers

Numbers records Israel's forty years of wandering in the wilderness due to unbelief, yet shows God's faithfulness in preserving the nation.

Author: MosesWritten: c. 1445-1405 BCReading time: ~4 minVerses: 32
FaithfulnessRebellionWanderingGod's PatienceJudgmentPromise

King James Version

Numbers 18

32 verses with commentary

Duties of Priests and Levites

And the LORD said unto Aaron, Thou and thy sons and thy father's house with thee shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary: and thou and thy sons with thee shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood.

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KJV Study Commentary

After Aaron's rod budded confirming his priesthood, God detailed priestly responsibilities: 'Thou and thy sons... shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary.' This sobering charge meant priests bore responsibility for any failure in maintaining proper worship. Privilege and authority always come with proportional accountability. Those closest to God's holiness bear greatest responsibility for its pr...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

XVIII. (1) **Shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary . . . —**It must be remembered that the iniquity of the sanctuary, and the iniquity of the priesthood, extended not only to the defilement of the sanctuary by the transgressions of priests and people (Leviticus 16:11; Leviticus 16:15-16), but also to its defilement by the imperfections connected with the services of the priests and the offering...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 18 Chapter Outline The charge of the priests and Levites.(1-7) The priests' portion.(8-19) The Levites' portion.(20-32) **Verses 1-7** The people complained of their difficulty and peril in drawing near to God. God here gives them to understand, that the priests should come near for them. Aaron would see reason not to be proud of his preferment, when he considered the...
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And thy brethren also of the tribe of Levi, the tribe of thy father, bring thou with thee, that they may be joined unto thee, and minister unto thee: but thou and thy sons with thee shall minister before the tabernacle of witness.

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KJV Study Commentary

While Aaron's sons served as priests, the Levites were 'joined' (Hebrew word-play on 'Levi') to assist them. God established a hierarchical service structure—all sacred but with different functions. This demonstrates that God's economy involves diverse roles, each vital but not interchangeable. Rebellion like Korah's arose from refusing divinely appointed distinctions.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **That they may be joined unto thee.—**There is an allusion here to the meaning of the name Levi, which was given to Leah’s third son. (See Genesis 29:34.) The Hebrew verb is the same as that which occurs in the speech of Leah. **And minister unto thee: but thou and thy sons . . . —**Or, *and they shall minister unto thee, both unto thee and to thy sons with thee, before the tent of witness. *...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 18 Chapter Outline The charge of the priests and Levites.(1-7) The priests' portion.(8-19) The Levites' portion.(20-32) **Verses 1-7** The people complained of their difficulty and peril in drawing near to God. God here gives them to understand, that the priests should come near for them. Aaron would see reason not to be proud of his preferment, when he considered the...
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And they shall keep thy charge, and the charge of all the tabernacle: only they shall not come nigh the vessels of the sanctuary and the altar, that neither they, nor ye also, die.

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KJV Study Commentary

Levites were to 'keep thy charge, and the charge of all the tabernacle: only they shall not come nigh the vessels of the sanctuary and the altar.' Clear boundaries protected both the Levites and the sanctuary's holiness. God establishes limits not arbitrarily but to preserve life. Respecting divine boundaries demonstrates wisdom; transgressing them invites judgment.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 18 Chapter Outline The charge of the priests and Levites.(1-7) The priests' portion.(8-19) The Levites' portion.(20-32) **Verses 1-7** The people complained of their difficulty and peril in drawing near to God. God here gives them to understand, that the priests should come near for them. Aaron would see reason not to be proud of his preferment, when he considered the...
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And they shall be joined unto thee, and keep the charge of the tabernacle of the congregation, for all the service of the tabernacle: and a stranger shall not come nigh unto you.

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KJV Study Commentary

The Levites 'shall be joined unto thee' for service, but 'a stranger shall not come nigh unto you.' This exclusivity protected God's ordained order. While the gospel eventually opens access to all believers as 'royal priesthood' (1 Peter 2:9), Old Covenant structures taught that approaching God requires proper authorization. New Testament access came through Christ's priestly work, not human presu...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **And keep the charge . . . —**See Numbers 1:53; Numbers 3:7.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 18 Chapter Outline The charge of the priests and Levites.(1-7) The priests' portion.(8-19) The Levites' portion.(20-32) **Verses 1-7** The people complained of their difficulty and peril in drawing near to God. God here gives them to understand, that the priests should come near for them. Aaron would see reason not to be proud of his preferment, when he considered the...
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And ye shall keep the charge of the sanctuary, and the charge of the altar: that there be no wrath any more upon the children of Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

Priests and Levites must 'keep the charge of the sanctuary' so 'there be no wrath any more upon the children of Israel.' Their faithful service protected the entire nation. Mediatorial roles benefit the whole community; failure in representing God brings corporate consequences. This anticipates Christ's perfect priestly work that permanently averts divine wrath from His people.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5, 6) **And ye shall keep the charge of the sanctuary . . . —**See Numbers 8:19.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. let the power of my Lord be great--**be magnified.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 18 Chapter Outline The charge of the priests and Levites.(1-7) The priests' portion.(8-19) The Levites' portion.(20-32) **Verses 1-7** The people complained of their difficulty and peril in drawing near to God. God here gives them to understand, that the priests should come near for them. Aaron would see reason not to be proud of his preferment, when he considered the...
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And I, behold, I have taken your brethren the Levites from among the children of Israel: to you they are given as a gift for the LORD, to do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation.

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KJV Study Commentary

God reiterates: 'I have taken your brethren the Levites from among the children of Israel'—emphasizing divine initiative in their selection. They were given 'as a gift' to serve the priesthood. Understanding our roles as divine gifts rather than earned positions eliminates both pride and envy. We serve not by human achievement but by God's gracious appointment.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 18 Chapter Outline The charge of the priests and Levites.(1-7) The priests' portion.(8-19) The Levites' portion.(20-32) **Verses 1-7** The people complained of their difficulty and peril in drawing near to God. God here gives them to understand, that the priests should come near for them. Aaron would see reason not to be proud of his preferment, when he considered the...
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Therefore thou and thy sons with thee shall keep your priest's office for every thing of the altar, and within the vail; and ye shall serve: I have given your priest's office unto you as a service of gift: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.

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KJV Study Commentary

Therefore thou and thy sons with thee shall keep your priest's office for every thing of the altar, and within the vail; and ye shall serve: I have given your priest's office unto you as a service of gift. God declares the priesthood a gift-service to Aaron's line. The phrase 'keep your priest's office' assigns exclusive priestly duties. The reference to 'altar and within the vail' encompasses the...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **And within the vail.—**i.e., the vail which separated the holy place from the most holy. The word which is employed in this place (*parocheth*) is used only of the second vail. (See Leviticus 16:12*.*) When the outer vail or *hanging *is designed to be understood, the word used is *masak. *The reference appears to be to the whole of the priestly duties which were discharged by Aaron and his ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 18 Chapter Outline The charge of the priests and Levites.(1-7) The priests' portion.(8-19) The Levites' portion.(20-32) **Verses 1-7** The people complained of their difficulty and peril in drawing near to God. God here gives them to understand, that the priests should come near for them. Aaron would see reason not to be proud of his preferment, when he considered the...
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Offerings for Priests and Levites

And the LORD spake unto Aaron, Behold, I also have given thee the charge of mine heave offerings of all the hallowed things of the children of Israel; unto thee have I given them by reason of the anointing, and to thy sons, by an ordinance for ever.

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KJV Study Commentary

God gave priests portions of offerings 'for an anointing'—priestly compensation came from holy things. This established principle of supporting ministers through God's people's gifts. Those who serve the altar share in the altar's provisions (1 Corinthians 9:13-14). God's design includes material support for those devoted to spiritual service.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **The charge of mine heave offerings.—**See Leviticus 7:34, and Numbers 18:11 of this chapter. **Unto thee have I given them by reason of the anointing.**—Better, *unto thee have I given them for an anointing portion. *(See Leviticus 7:35, and Note.) **By an ordinance for ever.—**Better, *as an eternal statute.*

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-19** All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, no...
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This shall be thine of the most holy things, reserved from the fire: every oblation of theirs, every meat offering of theirs, and every sin offering of theirs, and every trespass offering of theirs, which they shall render unto me, shall be most holy for thee and for thy sons.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>This shall be thine of the most holy things, reserved from the fire: every oblation of theirs, every meat offering of theirs, and every sin offering of theirs, and every trespass offering of theirs, which they shall render unto me, shall be most holy for thee and for thy sons.</strong> God designates specific sacrificial portions for priestly support. The phrase <em>qodesh haqqodashim</em>...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) F**rom the fire.—**i.e., from the fire which was kindled upon the altar of burnt offering. **Every oblation of their’s, every meat offering of their’s . . . —**Or, *every oblation of their’s for all their meat offerings, and for all their sin offerings, and for all their trespass offerings *(or, *guilt offerings*)*.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21. all the earth shall be filled with the glory of the Lord--**This promise, in its full acceptation, remains to be verified by the eventual and universal prevalence of Christianity in the world. But the terms were used restrictively in respect to the occasion, to the report which would spread over all the land of the "terrible things in righteousness" [Psa 65:5] which God would do in the infli...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-19** All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, no...
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In the most holy place shalt thou eat it; every male shall eat it: it shall be holy unto thee.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>In the most holy place shalt thou eat it; every male shall eat it: it shall be holy unto thee.</strong> The consumption of most holy offerings required ritual purity and sacred space. <em>Bemakom qadosh</em> (בְּמָקוֹם קָדֹשׁ, "in a holy place") designated the tabernacle courtyard—specifically within the sacred precincts where God's presence dwelt. Eating these offerings wasn't casual dini...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **In the most holy place . . . —**These gifts were to be eaten, as most holy, in the court of the Tabernacle (see Leviticus 6:16; Leviticus 6:26; Leviticus 7:6), and only by the priests and the male members of their families.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22. ten times--**very frequently.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-19** All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, no...
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And this is thine; the heave offering of their gift, with all the wave offerings of the children of Israel: I have given them unto thee, and to thy sons and to thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: every one that is clean in thy house shall eat of it.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And this is thine; the heave offering of their gift, with all the wave offerings of the children of Israel: I have given them unto thee, and to thy sons and to thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: every one that is clean in thy house shall eat of it.</strong> God now describes less restrictive priestly portions. The <em>terumah</em> (תְּרוּמָה, "heave offering") was ceremonially...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **The heave offering of their gift, with all the wave offerings . . . —**See Leviticus 7:34. **Every one that is clean in thy house shall eat of it.—**See Leviticus 22:10-13.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-19** All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, no...
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All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine, and of the wheat, the firstfruits of them which they shall offer unto the LORD, them have I given thee. best: Heb. fat

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine, and of the wheat, the firstfruits of them which they shall offer unto the LORD, them have I given thee.</strong> God allocated agricultural firstfruits to priestly support—<em>chelev</em> (חֵלֶב, "the best," literally "fat") indicating premium quality. The three products—oil, wine, and wheat—represented the land's primary agricultural ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **All the best . . . —**Hebrew, *all the fat, *as in Genesis 45:18. **The firstfruits of them . . . —**The quantity is not defined. St. Jerome, in his Commentary on Ezekiel 45, mentions the fortieth part as a liberal contribution, and the sixtieth as a scanty one, according to Jewish tradition.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**24. my servant Caleb--**Joshua was also excepted, but he is not named because he was no longer in the ranks of the people, being a constant attendant on Moses. **because he had another spirit with him, and hath followed me fully--**Under the influence of God's Spirit, Caleb was a man of bold, generous, heroic courage, above worldly anxieties and fears.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-19** All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, no...
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And whatsoever is first ripe in the land, which they shall bring unto the LORD, shall be thine; every one that is clean in thine house shall eat of it.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And whatsoever is first ripe in the land, which they shall bring unto the LORD, shall be thine; every one that is clean in thine house shall eat of it.</strong> This verse extends the firstfruits principle beyond the three staples (verse 12) to include all early-ripening produce. <em>Bikkurei</em> (בִּכּוּרֵי, "first ripe") emphasizes earliest maturity—whatever reached edibility first belo...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**25. (Now the Amalekites and the Canaanites dwelt in the valley)--**that is, on the other side of the Idumean mountain, at whose base they were then encamped. Those nomad tribes had at that time occupied it with a determination to oppose the further progress of the Hebrew people. Hence God gave the command that they seek a safe and timely retreat into the desert, to escape the pursuit of those re...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-19** All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, no...
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Every thing devoted in Israel shall be thine.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Every thing devoted in Israel shall be thine.</strong> This brief but weighty verse addresses <em>cherem</em> (חֵרֶם, "devoted thing")—items placed under irrevocable consecration to God. The term carries both positive (dedicated) and negative (destroyed) connotations. Items <em>cheremed</em> could not be redeemed or sold—they became permanent holy property, either destroyed (as with Jerich...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Every thing devoted . . . —**See Leviticus 27:21-28.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-19** All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, no...
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Every thing that openeth the matrix in all flesh, which they bring unto the LORD, whether it be of men or beasts, shall be thine: nevertheless the firstborn of man shalt thou surely redeem, and the firstling of unclean beasts shalt thou redeem.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Every thing that openeth the matrix in all flesh, which they bring unto the LORD, whether it be of men or beasts, shall be thine: nevertheless the firstborn of man shalt thou surely redeem, and the firstling of unclean beasts shalt thou redeem.</strong> The <em>peter rechem</em> (פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם, "that which opens the womb")—every firstborn—belonged to God by right of Passover redemption when...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **Every thing that openeth the matrix . . . —**(See Leviticus 27:6; Leviticus 27:26-27.) Five shekels was the redemption-price paid for each of the firstborn who were not redeemed by the Levites (Numbers 3:47).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-19** All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, no...
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And those that are to be redeemed from a month old shalt thou redeem, according to thine estimation, for the money of five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, which is twenty gerahs.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And those that are to be redeemed from a month old shalt thou redeem, according to thine estimation, for the money of five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, which is twenty gerahs.</strong> God specifies the redemption price precisely—five shekels based on the sanctuary standard. Waiting until one month old ensured infant viability; many newborns died in ancient times, so this ti...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **According to thine estimation.—**See Leviticus 18:3-7, and Notes.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-19** All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, no...
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But the firstling of a cow, or the firstling of a sheep, or the firstling of a goat, thou shalt not redeem; they are holy: thou shalt sprinkle their blood upon the altar, and shalt burn their fat for an offering made by fire, for a sweet savour unto the LORD.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But the firstling of a cow, or the firstling of a sheep, or the firstling of a goat, thou shalt not redeem; they are holy: thou shalt sprinkle their blood upon the altar, and shalt burn their fat for an offering made by fire, for a sweet savour unto the LORD.</strong> Unlike human firstborn (verse 15), firstborn clean animals were <em>qodesh</em> (קֹדֶשׁ, "holy")—consecrated for sacrifice,...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-19** All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, no...
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And the flesh of them shall be thine, as the wave breast and as the right shoulder are thine.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the flesh of them shall be thine, as the wave breast and as the right shoulder are thine.</strong> After the blood and fat were offered to God, the remaining meat became priestly food. The <em>chazeh hatenufah</em> (חֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה, "wave breast") and <em>shoq hayamin</em> (שׁוֹק הַיָּמִין, "right shoulder/thigh") were standard priestly portions from peace offerings (Leviticus 7:28-3...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **And the flesh of them shall be thine . . . —**In Deuteronomy 12:17-18, the firstlings of the herd and of the flock are directed to be eaten by the owners in the place which the Lord should choose. Either the law as prescribed in Numbers was subsequently modified, or the second clause of this verse explains and qualifies the preceding clause, and assigns only the wave breast and the right sh...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**30. save Caleb ... and Joshua--**These are specially mentioned, as honorable exceptions to the rest of the scouts, and also as the future leaders of the people. But it appears that some of the old generation did not join in the mutinous murmuring, including in that number the whole order of the priests (Jos 14:1).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-19** All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, no...
Read full commentary →

All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer unto the LORD, have I given thee, and thy sons and thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: it is a covenant of salt for ever before the LORD unto thee and to thy seed with thee.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer unto the LORD, have I given thee, and thy sons and thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: it is a covenant of salt for ever before the LORD unto thee and to thy seed with thee.</strong> This verse summarizes verses 8-18, confirming all priestly portions as perpetual divine gift. "By a statute for ever" ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **It is a covenant of salt.**—*i.e., *an indissoluble covenant. (See Leviticus 2:13, and Note; also 2Chronicles 13:5.) Hence the phrases used by the Greeks to denote the breach of a covenant, “Where is the salt?” and “They overstepped the salt.” (Comp. Pliny, *H. N., xxxi.* 41; Cic., *De Div., *ii. 16; Virgil, *Ecl., *viii. 82.)

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-19** All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, no...
Read full commentary →

And the LORD spake unto Aaron, Thou shalt have no inheritance in their land, neither shalt thou have any part among them: I am thy part and thine inheritance among the children of Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

God tells Aaron: 'Thou shalt have no inheritance in their land, neither shalt thou have any part among them: I am thy part and thine inheritance among the children of Israel.' The Hebrew 'cheleq' (part/portion) and 'nachalah' (inheritance) emphasize that while other tribes received land, priests received God Himself. This principle declares that those devoted entirely to God's service have God as ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **Thou shalt have no inheritance . . . —**Aaron is addressed in this verse as the representative of the priesthood. He himself did not enter into the land of Canaan. **I am thy part and thine inheritance . . . —**All that are admitted into the number of Christ’s royal priesthood have God for their portion and inheritance—in life, in death, and throughout eternity. (Comp. Psalm 73:26; Psalm 14...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
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And, behold, I have given the children of Levi all the tenth in Israel for an inheritance, for their service which they serve, even the service of the tabernacle of the congregation.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I have given the children of Levi all the tenth in Israel for an inheritance</strong> (נָתַתִּי <em>natatti</em>, I have given)—The Levitical tithe (מַעֲשֵׂר <em>ma'aser</em>, tenth) was not charity but covenant compensation. Since Levi received no territorial <em>nachalah</em> (inheritance) in the land distribution, God Himself became their portion (18:20), sustained through Israel's tith...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **All the tenth in Israel.**—The reference here is to the first tithe, or tenth of the whole of the produce of the land.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
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Neither must the children of Israel henceforth come nigh the tabernacle of the congregation, lest they bear sin, and die. and die: Heb. to die

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Neither must the children of Israel henceforth come nigh the tabernacle</strong> (קָרַב <em>qarab</em>, to approach/draw near)—The verb used for priestly approach to God now becomes forbidden for laity. <strong>Lest they bear sin, and die</strong> (נָשָׂא עָוֺן <em>nasa avon</em>, bear iniquity)—This phrase indicates fatal guilt, not mere ritual impurity. After Korah's rebellion (ch. 16-17...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **Lest they bear sin and die.—***i.e., *lest they bring sin upon themselves, the penalty of which they would have to bear. This appears to be the primary meaning of the phrase, from which the secondary meaning, viz., that of bearing sin in the sense of atoning for it, is derived. (Comp. Leviticus 19:17; Leviticus 22:9.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**34. ye shall know my breach of promise--**that is, in consequence of your violation of the covenant betwixt you and Me, by breaking the terms of it, it shall be null and void on My part, as I shall withhold the blessings I promised in that covenant to confer on you on condition of your obedience.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
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But the Levites shall do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they shall bear their iniquity: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations, that among the children of Israel they have no inheritance.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The Levites shall do the service of the tabernacle, and they shall bear their iniquity</strong> (עָוֺן <em>avon</em>, iniquity/guilt)—Levites absorbed the liability for Israel's inadvertent violations of sacred space. Their physical placement between the tabernacle and the twelve tribes (ch. 1-2) symbolized their function as a protective buffer against holy contagion.<br><br><strong>A stat...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
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But the tithes of the children of Israel, which they offer as an heave offering unto the LORD, I have given to the Levites to inherit: therefore I have said unto them, Among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But the tithes of the children of Israel, which they offer as an heave offering unto the LORD, I have given to the Levites to inherit: therefore I have said unto them, Among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.</strong> God establishes the Levites' economic support system through tithes. The Hebrew <em>ma'aser</em> (מַעֲשֵׂר, "tithes") means tenth part—systematic giving o...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **But the tithes . . . —**Better, *for the tithes *. . . This verse assigns the reason why the Levites were to have no inheritance among the children of Israel.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**36-38. those men that did bring up the evil report upon the land, died by the plague before the Lord--**Ten of the spies struck dead on the spot--either by the pestilence or some other judgment. This great and appalling mortality clearly betokened the hand of the Lord.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
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And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying</strong>—This divine speech formula (וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר <em>vayedaber YHWH el-Moshe lemor</em>) introduces regulations governing Levitical tithes from the tithe, establishing multi-layered stewardship in Israel's economic system. The placement after priestly portion regulations (18:8-24) shows God's concern for comprehensive provision...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **And the Lord spake unto Moses . . . —**The law respecting the Levitical dues was given to Aaron, and communicated through him to the people. The law respecting the tithe which the Levites were to give to the priests, in which Aaron’s family were directly concerned, was communicated to Moses, and by him to the Levites.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**36-38. those men that did bring up the evil report upon the land, died by the plague before the Lord--**Ten of the spies struck dead on the spot--either by the pestilence or some other judgment. This great and appalling mortality clearly betokened the hand of the Lord.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
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Thus speak unto the Levites, and say unto them, When ye take of the children of Israel the tithes which I have given you from them for your inheritance, then ye shall offer up an heave offering of it for the LORD, even a tenth part of the tithe.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Speak unto the Levites, and say unto them, When ye take of the children of Israel the tithes which I have given you from them for your inheritance, then ye shall offer up an heave offering of it for the LORD</strong>—The Levitical tithe (מַעֲשֵׂר <em>ma'aser</em>, tenth) became their <strong>inheritance</strong> (נַחֲלָה <em>nachalah</em>) replacing landed property other tribes received. F...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) **Even a tenth part of the tithe.—**Better, *a tithe of the tithe.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**36-38. those men that did bring up the evil report upon the land, died by the plague before the Lord--**Ten of the spies struck dead on the spot--either by the pestilence or some other judgment. This great and appalling mortality clearly betokened the hand of the Lord.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
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And this your heave offering shall be reckoned unto you, as though it were the corn of the threshingfloor, and as the fulness of the winepress.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And this your heave offering shall be reckoned unto you, as though it were the corn of the threshingfloor, and as the fulness of the winepress</strong>—The Levites' tithe-from-tithe was <strong>reckoned</strong> (חָשַׁב <em>chashav</em>, counted/credited) as equivalent to the agricultural produce (grain and wine) given by landed tribes. Though Levites owned no fields or vineyards, God cred...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27) **And as the fulness of the wine-press.—**The word which is here rendered *fulness *is the same which occurs in Exodus 22:9, and is there rendered “the first of thy ripe fruits.” It is used to denote either the fully ripe grain, or the produce of the vine. The tithe which the Levites paid to the priests was regarded in the same light as if it had been the produce of their own labour.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
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Thus ye also shall offer an heave offering unto the LORD of all your tithes, which ye receive of the children of Israel; and ye shall give thereof the LORD'S heave offering to Aaron the priest.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thus ye also shall offer an heave offering unto the LORD of all your tithes, which ye receive of the children of Israel</strong>—The emphatic <strong>thus ye also</strong> (כֵּן... גַּם־אַתֶּם <em>ken... gam-atem</em>) stresses that Levites participated in the same stewardship obligations as all Israel—receiving tithes didn't exempt them from giving. The phrase <strong>of all your tithes</...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**40-45. they rose up early in the morning, and gat them up into the top of the mountain--**Notwithstanding the tidings that Moses communicated and which diffused a general feeling of melancholy and grief throughout the camp, the impression was of very brief continuance. They rushed from one extreme of rashness and perversity to another, and the obstinacy of their rebellious spirit was evinced by ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
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Out of all your gifts ye shall offer every heave offering of the LORD, of all the best thereof, even the hallowed part thereof out of it. best: Heb. fat

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Out of all your gifts ye shall offer every heave offering of the LORD, of all the best thereof, even the hallowed part thereof out of it</strong>—The triple emphasis—<strong>all your gifts</strong>, <strong>all the best</strong>, <strong>the hallowed part</strong>—establishes that Levites must give from the choicest portions (חֵלֶב <em>chelev</em>, fat/best), not leftover remnants. The phr...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**40-45. they rose up early in the morning, and gat them up into the top of the mountain--**Notwithstanding the tidings that Moses communicated and which diffused a general feeling of melancholy and grief throughout the camp, the impression was of very brief continuance. They rushed from one extreme of rashness and perversity to another, and the obstinacy of their rebellious spirit was evinced by ...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
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Therefore thou shalt say unto them, When ye have heaved the best thereof from it, then it shall be counted unto the Levites as the increase of the threshingfloor, and as the increase of the winepress. best: Heb. fat

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Therefore thou shalt say unto them, When ye have heaved the best thereof from it, then it shall be counted unto the Levites as the increase of the threshingfloor, and as the increase of the winepress</strong>—The word <strong>heaved</strong> (בַּהֲרִימֲכֶם <em>baharimakhem</em>, when you lift up) describes the physical gesture of lifting offerings toward heaven, symbolizing presentation to...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(30) **As the increase of the threshing-floor.—**As the tithe rendered to the priests was to be regarded in the same light as if it had been the produce of their own labour (Numbers 18:27), so what remained after the heave-offerings had been duly set apart was to be reckoned as much the property of the Levites, and to be treated in the same manner, as the corn of the threshing-floor and the wine o...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**40-45. they rose up early in the morning, and gat them up into the top of the mountain--**Notwithstanding the tidings that Moses communicated and which diffused a general feeling of melancholy and grief throughout the camp, the impression was of very brief continuance. They rushed from one extreme of rashness and perversity to another, and the obstinacy of their rebellious spirit was evinced by ...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
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And ye shall eat it in every place, ye and your households: for it is your reward for your service in the tabernacle of the congregation.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And ye shall eat it in every place, ye and your households: for it is your reward for your service in the tabernacle of the congregation</strong>—The permission to eat tithe-income <strong>in every place</strong> (בְּכָל־מָקוֹם <em>bekhol-makom</em>) contrasts with priestly portions requiring consumption within the tabernacle precincts. The phrase <strong>ye and your households</strong> (א...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(31) **And ye shall eat it in every place.—**When the tenth which was due to the priests had been duly paid, the remainder of the tithe received from the people became the rightful portion of the Levites, as their ordinary means of subsistence, and might be eaten by them in every place, not being subject to the restrictions laid upon the priests in regard to the place in which the holy things were...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**40-45. they rose up early in the morning, and gat them up into the top of the mountain--**Notwithstanding the tidings that Moses communicated and which diffused a general feeling of melancholy and grief throughout the camp, the impression was of very brief continuance. They rushed from one extreme of rashness and perversity to another, and the obstinacy of their rebellious spirit was evinced by ...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
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And ye shall bear no sin by reason of it, when ye have heaved from it the best of it: neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel, lest ye die.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And ye shall bear no sin by reason of it, when ye have heaved from it the best of it: neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel, lest ye die</strong>—The phrase <strong>bear no sin</strong> (לֹא־תִשְׂאוּ עָלָיו חֵטְא <em>lo-tis'u alav chet</em>) promises exemption from guilt when proper firstfruits are given, while failure to give the best would constitute <strong>...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(32) **And ye shall bear no sin . . . —***i.e., *shall not incur any guilt, or become liable to any punishment. (See Note on Numbers 18:22.) **Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission. **Bible Hub

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**40-45. they rose up early in the morning, and gat them up into the top of the mountain--**Notwithstanding the tidings that Moses communicated and which diffused a general feeling of melancholy and grief throughout the camp, the impression was of very brief continuance. They rushed from one extreme of rashness and perversity to another, and the obstinacy of their rebellious spirit was evinced by ...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 20-32** As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. ...
Read full commentary →

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