About Hebrews

Hebrews demonstrates Christ's superiority over all Old Testament institutions, calling readers to persevere.

Author: UnknownWritten: c. AD 64-68Reading time: ~5 minVerses: 39
Christ's SuperiorityNew CovenantFaithPriesthoodPerseveranceBetter

King James Version

Hebrews 10

39 verses with commentary

Christ's Sacrifice Once for All

For the law having a shadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices which they offered year by year continually make the comers thereunto perfect.

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KJV Study Commentary

The law had only 'a shadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things.' A shadow provides outline but no substance. The law pointed to realities fulfilled in Christ. The repetition of sacrifices 'continually year by year' proves they 'can never...make the comers thereunto perfect.' If they worked, the sacrifices would cease. Continuation proves inadequacy.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **A Shadow of good things to come.**—These words have already come before us; the “shadow” in Hebrews 8:5, and “the good things to come” in the ordinary reading of Hebrews 9:11. **Not the very image.—**The antithesis is hardly what we should have expected. The word “image” is indeed consistent with the very closest and most perfect likeness; but why is the contrast to “shadow” expressed by a w...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. keepers at home--**as "guardians of the house," as the Greek expresses. The oldest manuscripts read, "Workers at home": active in household duties (Pr 7:11; 1Ti 5:13). **good--**kind, beneficent (Mt 20:15; Ro 5:7; 1Pe 2:18). Not churlish and niggardly, but thrifty as housewives. **obedient--**rather "submissive," as the Greek is translated; (see on Ep 5:21, 22; Ep 5:24). **their own--**...
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For then would they not have ceased to be offered? because that the worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins. would: or, they would have ceased to be offered, because, etc.

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KJV Study Commentary

If the sacrifices had truly cleansed, 'would they not have ceased to be offered?' The continuation of sacrifices proved their inadequacy. True cleansing would remove 'conscience of sins'—the guilt and awareness of sin. The worshippers would be 'once purged' (Greek 'hapax'—once for all). The repetition testified to failure, not success.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **For then.**—Better, *otherwise.* The very repetition of the annual ceremonial was a testimony to its imperfection. The idea of repetition has been very strikingly brought out in Hebrews 10:1. **Once purged.**—Better, *because the worshippers, having been once cleansed, would have no more consciousness of sins. “*Worshippers,” not the same word as in Hebrews 10:1, but similarly used in Hebrew...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. Young--**Greek, "The younger men." **sober-minded--**self-restrained [Alford]. "Nothing is so hard at this age as to overcome pleasures and follies" [Chrysostom].

But in those sacrifices there is a remembrance again made of sins every year.

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KJV Study Commentary

'In those sacrifices there is a remembrance again made of sins every year.' Far from removing sins, the annual Day of Atonement ritual reminded participants of their sins and the sacrifices' inadequacy. This stood in stark contrast to God's promise under the new covenant: 'their sins and iniquities will I remember no more' (v. 17).

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **There is a remembrance.**—Better, *a remembrance of sins is made year by year.* In each of the three prayers of the high priest (see Hebrews 5:3) for himself and his house, for the priesthood, for the people, he made special acknowledgment of sin. “I have sinned, I and my house and the sons of Aaron: Thy people have done perversely.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. In--**with respect to all things. **thyself a pattern--**though but a young man thyself. All teaching is useless unless the teacher's example confirm his word. **in doctrine--**in thy ministerial teaching (showing) uncorruptness, that is, untainted purity of motive on thy part (compare 2Co 11:3), so as to be "a pattern" to all. As "gravity," &c., refers to Titus himself, so "uncorrupt...
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For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins.

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KJV Study Commentary

'It is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins.' This categorical statement declares the fundamental inadequacy of animal sacrifices. They could provide ceremonial cleansing and point to Christ, but they lacked power to remove sin's guilt. Human sin requires a human substitute; voluntary sin requires a voluntary substitute. Animals could never truly satisfy divine j...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) This verse explains those which precede. No inconsistency really belonged to these sacrifices and this ceremonial, though so often repeated; for it was impossible that any such sacrifice should really remove sin. The offering was necessary, and it answered its purpose; but it could not remove the necessity for another and a better offering.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. speech--**discourse in public and private ministrations. **he that is of the contrary part--**the adversary (Tit 1:9; 2Ti 2:25), whether he be heathen or Jew. **may be ashamed--**put to confusion by the power of truth and innocence (compare Tit 2:5, 10; 1Ti 5:14; 6:1). **no evil thing--**in our acts, or demeanor. **of you--**So one of the oldest manuscripts. Other very old manuscripts...
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Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me: hast: or, thou hast fitted me

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KJV Study Commentary

Quoting Psalm 40:6-8 (LXX), Christ says to the Father: 'Sacrifice and offering You did not desire, but a body You have prepared for Me.' This reveals God's ultimate purpose - not endless animal sacrifices but the incarnation. The body prepared is Christ's human nature, fitted for obedience and sacrifice. Reformed Christology emphasizes the incarnation's necessity - Christ needed genuine humanity t...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **Wherefore.**—That is, on account of this powerlessness of the sacrifices of the law. **He saith.**—Christ, in the prophetic word of Scripture. Though not directly mentioned here, He has been the subject of the whole context (Hebrews 9:25-28). The words which follow are a quotation from Psalm 40:6-8, and agree substantially with the LXX., except that in Hebrews 10:7 a word of some importance ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. servants--**"slaves." **to please them well--**"to give satisfaction" [Alford]. To be complaisant in everything; to have that zealous desire to gain the master's goodwill which will anticipate the master's wish and do even more than is required. The reason for the frequent recurrence of injunctions to slaves to subjection (Ep 6:5, &c.; Col 3:22; 1Ti 6:1, &c.; 1Pe 2:18) was, that in ...
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In burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin thou hast had no pleasure.

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KJV Study Commentary

Continuing the quotation: 'In burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin You had no pleasure.' This doesn't mean God rejected the sacrifices He commanded, but that they weren't His ultimate purpose. They pointed beyond themselves to heart obedience and the perfect sacrifice to come. Reformed theology sees the ceremonial law as pedagogical and typological, valuable for its purpose but superseded by Chr...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **Burnt offerings.**—Better, *whole burnt offerings.* These (which were the symbol of complete consecration) are not mentioned in this Epistle, except in this verse and Hebrews 10:8. **Thou hast had no pleasure.**—Better (for conformity with the preceding clauses), *Thou hadst no* *pleasure.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. Not purloining--**Greek, "Not appropriating" what does not belong to one. It means "keeping back" dishonestly or deceitfully (Ac 5:2, 3). **showing--**manifesting in acts. **all--**all possible. **good--**really good; not so in mere appearance (Ep 6:5, 6; Col 3:22-24). "The heathen do not judge of the Christian's doctrines from the doctrine, but from his actions and life" [Chrysostom]....
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Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God.

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KJV Study Commentary

Christ responds: 'Behold, I have come - in the volume of the book it is written of Me - to do Your will, O God.' This expresses Christ's incarnational purpose - perfect obedience to the Father's will. The 'volume of the book' refers to Scripture that testifies to Him (John 5:39). Reformed active obedience emphasizes that Christ not only died for our sins (passive obedience) but also lived perfect ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **Lo, I come.**—Rather, *Lo, I am come*—I am here. The original meaning of the following words is not quite certain. The Hebrew admits of two renderings. (1) Then I said, Lo, I am come! in the roll of the Book it is prescribed unto me; (2) Then I said, Lo, I am come with the roll of the Book that is written concerning me. The “roll of the Book” is the roll containing the Divine Law. The next c...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. the grace of God--**God's gratuitous favor in the scheme of redemption. **hath appeared--**Greek, "hath been made to appear," or "shine forth" (Is 9:2; Lu 1:79). "hath been manifested" (Tit 3:4), after having been long hidden in the loving counsels of God (Col 1:26; 2Ti 1:9, 10). The image is illustrated in Ac 27:20. The grace of God hath now been embodied in Jesus, the brightness of the F...
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Above when he said, Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings and offering for sin thou wouldest not, neither hadst pleasure therein; which are offered by the law;

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KJV Study Commentary

The author summarizes the quotation: Christ said, 'Sacrifice and offering, burnt offerings, and offerings for sin You did not desire, nor had pleasure in them' (which are offered according to the law). This emphasizes that even law-commanded sacrifices weren't God's ultimate pleasure or purpose. They were temporary provisions pointing to Christ. The parenthetical note 'offered according to the law...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Above when he said.**—Better, *Whereas he saith above;* or, as we might express it, “Saying at the outset,” “Setting out with saying.” In the following words the best MSS. have the plural, “*Sacrifices and offerings and whole burnt offerings and *(*sacrifices*)* for sin.”* The change from singular to plural is in harmony with the thought of Hebrews 10:1-4, the repetition of sacrifices. **Whi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. Teaching--**Greek, "disciplining us." Grace exercises discipline, and is imparted in connection with disciplining chastisements (1Co 11:32; He 12:6, 7). The education which the Christian receives from "the grace" of God is a discipline often trying to flesh and blood: just as children need disciplining. The discipline which it exercises teaches us to deny ungodliness and worldly lusts, and t...
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Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second.</strong> This verse continues quoting Psalm 40:6-8, concluding Christ's declaration of purpose. The emphatic "Lo, I come" (<em>idou hēkō</em>, ἰδοὺ ἥκω) expresses Christ's voluntary entrance into the world with determined purpose—"to do thy will, O God." This obedience stands in star...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Then said he, Lo, I come.**—Rather, *then hath he said, Lo, I am come to do Thy will.* The words “O God” are not in the true text, but have been accidentally repeated from Hebrews 10:7. **He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second.**—It is important to inquire how this is done, first in the case of the writer of the psalm, then as the words are used of Jesus. David, perceivin...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

13. (Php 3:20, 21). **Looking for--**with constant expectation (so the Greek) and with joy (Ro 8:19). This will prove the antidote to worldly lusts, and the stimulus to "live in this present world" conformably to this expectation. The Greek is translated, "waiting for," in Lu 2:25. **that--**Greek, "the." **blessed--**bringing blessedness (Ro 4:7, 8). **hope--**that is, object of hope (Ro ...
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By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.

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KJV Study Commentary

'By the which will we are sanctified' refers to God's will that Christ be the sacrifice (v. 9). Sanctification came 'through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all' (Greek 'ephapax'—once for all time). The phrase 'body of Jesus Christ' emphasizes His incarnation—a true human body was required. The single offering accomplished what repeated sacrifices never could.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **By the which will we are sanctified.**—Better, *In which will we have been sanctified.* In the last verse we read of that which Jesus established—the doing of the will of God. He did that will when He offered the sacrifice of His perfect obedience—“obedience as far as death” (Philippians 2:8). In this will of God which He accomplished lies our sanctification, effected “through the offering ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. gave himself--**"The forcible 'Himself, His whole self, the greatest gift ever given,' must not be overlooked." **for us--**Greek, "in our behalf." **redeem us--**deliver us from bondage by paying the price of His precious blood. An appropriate image in addressing bond-servants (Tit 2:9, 10): **from all iniquity--**the essence of sin, namely, "transgression of the law": in bondage to w...
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And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins.</strong> The author contrasts the Levitical priesthood's endless work with Christ's finished work. "Every priest standeth" (<em>pas hiereus hestēken</em>, πᾶς ἱερεὺς ἕστηκεν) emphasizes their perpetual standing posture. Unlike kings or judges who sit, priests stood while...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) The last was a verse of transition. Naturally following from and completing the previous argument, it leads in the words “once for all” to a new thought, or rather prepares the way for the resumption of a subject to which in an earlier chapter marked prominence was given. If the sanctifying work of the true High Priest has been accomplished “once for all,” such ministry remains for Him no lon...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. with all authority--**Translate, "authoritativeness" (compare "sharply," Tit 1:13). **Let no man despise thee--**Speak with such vigor as to command respect (1Ti 4:12). Warn them with such authority that no one may think himself above (so the Greek literally) the need of admonition [Tittmann, Greek Synonyms of the New Testament].

But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God.</strong> The emphatic contrast "But this man" (<em>houtos de</em>, οὗτος δὲ) sets Christ apart from every Levitical priest. The phrase "after he had offered one sacrifice for sins" (<em>mian hyper hamartiōn prosenenkas thysian</em>, μίαν ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτιῶν προσενέγκας θυσίαν) stresses both the...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **But this man.**—Rather, *but He.* In the main this verse is a combination of Hebrews 7:27 (Hebrews 9:26) and Hebrews 8:1. One addition is made, in the words, “for ever.” These words (which occur in three other places, Hebrews 7:3; Hebrews 10:1; Hebrews 10:14) are by many joined with what precedes, by others with the latter part of the sentence, “it down on the right hand of God.” The differ...
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From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool .

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool.</strong> This verse continues quoting Psalm 110:1, describing Christ's present posture from His position at God's right hand. "From henceforth expecting" (<em>to loipon ekdechomenos</em>, τὸ λοιπὸν ἐκδεχόμενος) indicates Christ's current activity during the church age. The present participle "expecting" suggests active, conf...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **Expecting.**—This word belongs to the contrast just mentioned. He does not minister and offer His sacrifice again, but waits for the promised subjection of His foes. Once before in this context (Hebrews 9:28) our thought has been thus directed to the future consummation. There it consists in the second coming of Christ for the salvation of “them that wait for Him;” here it is He Himself who...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 3 Tit 3:1-15. What Titus Is to Teach Concerning Christians' Behavior towards the World: How He Is to Treat Heretics: When and Where He Is to Meet Paul. Salutation. Conclusion. **1. Put them in mind--**as they are in danger of forgetting their duty, though knowing it. The opposition of Christianity to heathenism, and the natural disposition to rebellion of the Jews under the Roman empire (...
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For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified.

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KJV Study Commentary

This verse proclaims a glorious paradox: 'For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified.' The perfect tense 'hath perfected' (teteleiōken) indicates completed action with permanent results. 'For ever' (eis to diēnekes) emphasizes eternity. Yet 'them that are sanctified' uses present passive participle (tous hagiazomenous), indicating ongoing process. How are believers bot...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) No repetition of His offering is needed, for by one offering He hath brought all unto “perfection,” and that “for ever.” In Hebrews 7:11 we have read that “perfection” did not come through the Levitical priesthood or through the law (Hebrews 10:19); the object of man’s hopes and of all priestly service has at last been attained, since through the “great High Priest” “we draw nigh to God” (Heb...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. To speak evil of no man--**especially, not of "dignities" and magistrates. **no brawlers--**"not quarrelsome," not attacking others. **gentle--**towards those who attack us. Yielding, considerate, not urging one's rights to the uttermost, but forbearing and kindly (see on Php 4:5). Very different from the innate greediness and spirit of aggression towards others which characterized the Cr...
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Whereof the Holy Ghost also is a witness to us: for after that he had said before,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Whereof the Holy Ghost also is a witness to us: for after that he had said before,</strong> The author now invokes the testimony of the Holy Spirit to confirm the finality and sufficiency of Christ's sacrifice. The phrase "the Holy Ghost also is a witness" (<em>martyrei de hēmin kai to Pneuma to Hagion</em>, μαρτυρεῖ δὲ ἡμῖν καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον) establishes that Scripture itself is the ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **Whereof.**—Better, *And the Holy Ghost also beareth witness unto us.* The Holy Ghost, speaking in Scripture (Hebrews 3:7; Hebrews 9:8)—the Scripture quoted in Hebrews 8:8-12—beareth witness. **After that he had said before.**—Rather, *after He hath said.* The word “before” is not in the best MSS.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. For--**Our own past sins should lead us to be lenient towards those of others. "Despise none, for such wast thou also." As the penitent thief said to his fellow thief, "Dost thou not fear God ... seeing that thou art in the same condemnation." **we--**Christians. **were--**Contrast Tit 3:4, "But when," that is, now: a favorite contrast in Paul's writing, that between our past state by nat...
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This is the covenant that I will make with them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>This is the covenant that I will make with them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them;</strong> This verse quotes Jeremiah 31:33, describing the fundamental nature of the new covenant. The contrast with the old covenant is stark: the Law given at Sinai was external, written on stone tablets. The new covenant Law is inte...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **I will put my laws.**—Rather, *putting my laws upon their heart, upon their mind also will I write them.* The first part of the quotation (Hebrews 8:8-10 in part) is omitted, and also some later lines (the last words of Hebrews 10:10 and the whole of Hebrews 10:11 in Hebrews 8). In the remainder we notice some variations, which prove that the writer is not aiming at verbal agreement with th...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

4. To show how little reason the Cretan Christians had to be proud of themselves, and despise others not Christians (see on Tit 3:2, 3). It is to the "kindness and love of God," not to their own merits, that they owe salvation. **kindness--**Greek, "goodness," "benignity," which manifests His grace. **love ... toward man--**teaching us to have such "love (benevolence) toward man" (Greek, "phil...
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And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more. And their: some copies have, Then he said, And their

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more.</strong> This verse represents the climax of the new covenant promise and provides the theological foundation for the finality of Christ's sacrifice. The statement "I will remember no more" (<em>ou mē mnēsthō eti</em>, οὐ μὴ μνησθῶ ἔτι) uses the strongest possible Greek negation—absolutely, categorically, definitively God will not reme...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) Every reader must feel that as these verses stand in the Authorised version the sense is imperfect. The words “after He hath said before” (Hebrews 10:15) imply “then He saith,” or similar words, at some point in the verses which follow. Our translators did not attempt to complete the sense; for the marginal note (“some copies have, *Then he saith, And their”*) found in ordinary editions was a...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. Not by--**Greek, "Out of"; "not as a result springing from works," &amp;c. **of righteousness--**Greek, "in righteousness," that is, wrought "in a state of righteousness": as "deeds ... wrought in God." There was an utter absence in us of the element ("righteousness") in which alone righteous works could be done, and so necessarily an absence of the works. "We neither did works of righteous...
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Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for sin.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for sin.</strong> This verse draws the inevitable logical conclusion from the new covenant promise. The Greek word for "remission" (<em>aphesis</em>, ἄφεσις) means release, pardon, complete forgiveness. It conveys the idea of cancellation of debt, liberation from bondage. Once true, complete remission has been obtained, the entire ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **Now where.**—Bather, *But where remission* (or *forgiveness, *see Hebrews 9:22) *of these is, there is no longer offering for sin.* Here the argument reaches its triumphant close. At this point we enter on the last great division of the Epistle (Hebrews 10:19 to Hebrews 13:25), which is occupied with earnest exhortation, encouragement to perseverance alternating with solemn warning against ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. Which--**the Holy Ghost. **he shed--**Greek, "poured out"; not only on the Church in general at Pentecost, but also "on us" individually. This pouring out of the Spirit comprehends the grace received before, in, and subsequently to, baptism. **abundantly--**Greek, "richly" (Col 3:16). **through Jesus Christ--**the channel and Mediator of the gift of the Holy Ghost. **our Saviour--**im...
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Draw Near to God

Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, boldness: or, liberty

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KJV Study Commentary

This verse inaugurates one of Scripture's most compelling invitations to confident worship. 'Having therefore, brethren, boldness' (ἔχοντες οὖν, ἀδελφοί, παρρησίαν, echontes oun, adelphoi, parrēsian) begins with a participle indicating believers presently possess this confidence. Παρρησία (parrēsia) denotes freedom of speech, boldness, fearless confidence—used for citizens' right to address govern...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) The exhortation which here begins is very similar to that of Hebrews 4:14-16. Its greater fulness and expressiveness are in accordance with the development in the thought. **Therefore.**—The chief thoughts taken up are those expressed in Hebrews 9:11-12. The word “boldness” has occurred in Hebrews 3:6; Hebrews 4:16. (See the Notes.) **By the blood of Jesus.**—Better, *in the blood of Jesus;* ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. That, &amp;c.--**the purpose which He aimed at in having "saved us" (Tit 3:5), namely, "That being (having been) justified (accounted righteous through faith at our 'regeneration,' and made righteous by the daily 'renewing of the Holy Ghost') by His grace (as opposed to works, Tit 3:5) we should be made heirs." **his grace--**Greek, "the grace of the former," that is, God (Tit 3:4; Ro 5:15)...
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By a new and living way, which he hath consecrated for us, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh; consecrated: or, new made

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>By a new and living way, which he hath consecrated for us, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh;</strong> This verse describes the unprecedented access believers have to God through Christ. The phrase "new and living way" (<em>hodon prosphaton kai zōsan</em>, ὁδὸν πρόσφατον καὶ ζῶσαν) contrasts sharply with the old covenant. <em>Prosphaton</em> means "freshly slain" or "newly made"—...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

8. Greek, "faithful is the saying." A formula peculiar to the Pastoral Epistles. Here "the saying" is the statement (Tit 3:4-7) as to the gratuitousness of God's gift of salvation. Answering to the "Amen." **these things, &amp;c.--**Greek, "concerning these things (the truths dwelt on, Tit 3:4-7; not as English Version, what follow), I will that thou affirm (insist) strongly and persistently, in...
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And having an high priest over the house of God;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And having an high priest over the house of God;</strong> This brief verse emphasizes Christ's ongoing priestly ministry on our behalf. "Having" (<em>echontes</em>, ἔχοντες) is a present participle indicating continuous possession—we have and continue to have a High Priest. His priestly work is not past only but present and ongoing. Christ's priestly ministry includes His intercession for ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **An high priest**.—The Greek words properly signify a *great priest* (comp. Hebrews 4:14), which is one of the names by which the high priest is frequently designated, both in the Hebrew (Leviticus 21, *et al.*)*, *and in the LXX. It may seem strange that the writer should here make use of a new word in the place of that which has occurred so frequently. But there is strong reason for believ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. avoid--**stand aloof from. Same Greek, as in 2Ti 2:16; see on 2Ti 2:16. **foolish--**Greek, "insipid"; producing no moral fruit. "Vain talkers." **genealogies--**akin to the "fables" (see on 1Ti 1:4). Not so much direct heresy as yet is here referred to, as profitless discussions about genealogies of aeons, &amp;c., which ultimately led to Gnosticism. Synagogue discourses were termed dara...
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Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water.</strong> Building on the foundation of Christ's priestly work (verses 19-21), the author now issues the first of three exhortations (draw near, hold fast, consider). "Let us draw near" (<em>prosercōmetha</em>, προσερχώμεθα) is a present ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **Let us draw near.**—See Hebrews 10:1; also Hebrews 4:16; Hebrews 7:25; Hebrews 11:6. **With a true heart.**—“True,” the word used in Hebrews 8:2; Hebrews 9:24, a *real*—*i.e., *a sincere heart. As in Hebrews 6 we read of “full assurance,” or rather, “fulness of hope,” so here of *fulness of faith.* “Without this there could be for us no “living way” (Hebrews 10:20) for entering into the hol...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. heretic--**Greek "heresy," originally meant a division resulting from individual self-will; the individual doing and teaching what he chose, independent of the teaching and practice of the Church. In course of time it came to mean definitely "heresy" in the modern sense; and in the later Epistles it has almost assumed this meaning. The heretics of Crete, when Titus was there, were in doctrin...
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Let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering; (for he is faithful that promised;)

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering; (for he is faithful that promised;)</strong> The second exhortation (after "draw near" in verse 22) commands steadfast confession of faith. "Let us hold fast" (<em>katechōmen</em>, κατέχωμεν) means to hold down, hold firmly, retain possession. The present subjunctive indicates continuous action—keep on holding fast, never letti...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) In this verse again we have the characteristic words of earlier exhortations: “hold fast” (Hebrews 3:6; Hebrews 3:14); “profession,” or, rather, *confession* (Hebrews 3:1; Hebrews 4:14). **Of our faith.**—This rendering, apparently found in no earlier English version, is supposed to be due to oversight on the part of our translators. The true reading is “of the hope” (Hebrews 6:11; Hebrews 6:...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. is ... subverted--**"is become perverse." **condemned of himself--**He cannot say, no one told him better: continuing the same after frequent admonition, he is self-condemned. "He sinneth" wilfully against knowledge.

And let us consider one another to provoke unto love and to good works:

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KJV Study Commentary

This verse commands active stimulation of fellow believers toward spiritual maturity. 'And let us consider one another' (καὶ κατανοῶμεν ἀλλήλους, kai katanoōmen allēlous) uses κατανοέω (katanoeō), meaning to observe carefully, study attentively, consider thoroughly. The present subjunctive emphasizes ongoing, deliberate attention to others' spiritual condition. This isn't casual observation but in...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) Gradually the writer passes from that which belongs to the individual (Hebrews 10:19-20) to the mutual duties of members of a community. Possibly he knew that amongst those whom he addresses there had existed “provocations” that did not tend towards brotherly love. The strict meaning may simply be—let us take note of one another, to stimulate one another to good works; but in the result, if n...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. When I shall send--**have sent. **Artemas or Tychicus--**to supply thy place in Crete. Artemas is said to have been subsequently bishop of Lystra. Tychicus was sent twice by Paul from Rome to Lesser Asia in his first imprisonment (which shows how well qualified he was to become Titus' successor in Crete); Ep 6:21; and in his second, 2Ti 4:12. Tradition makes him subsequently bishop of Chal...
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Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching.

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KJV Study Commentary

This exhortation addresses the practice of corporate worship and Christian assembly in the face of persecution. The Greek verb 'egkataleípontes' (ἐγκαταλείποντες, 'forsaking') means to abandon completely or desert, using the same root as Christ's cry on the cross 'Why have you forsaken me?' (Matthew 27:46). The 'assembling of ourselves together' (ἐπισυναγωγὴν ἑαυτῶν, episunagōgēn heautōn) refers s...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **As the manner** **of some is.**—Some members of this community, it would seem, had persuaded themselves that the relation of Judaism to Christianity, of the “synagogue” (the Greek word here used seems to allude to this technical name, and yet intentionally to avoid it) and the Church, was such as to permit them to avoid close intercourse with Christians and direct association with Christian...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13. Bring ... on their journey--**Enable them to proceed forward by supplying necessaries for their journey. **Zenas--**the contracted form of Zenodorus. **lawyer--**a Jewish "scribe," who, when converted, still retained the title from his former occupation. A civil lawyer. **Apollos--**with Zenas, probably the bearers of this Epistle. In 1Co 16:12, Apollos is mentioned as purposing to vis...
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Warning Against Apostasy

For if we sin wilfully after that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For if we sin wilfully after that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sin,</strong> This verse begins one of Scripture's most solemn warning passages (10:26-31). The "if" (<em>hekousios gar hamartanontōn hēmōn</em>, ἑκουσίως γὰρ ἁμαρτανόντων ἡμῶν—literally "for us sinning willfully") introduces a conditional describing deliberate, intentional ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) **For.**—The connecting links are the thought of the consequences to which such sinful neglect (Hebrews 10:25) may lead, and the awful revelation of judgment which the final day will bring. Even more clearly than in Hebrews 6:4-6 the state described is one of wilful and continued sin, which is the result and the expression of apostasy from Christ. It is not, “If we fall under temptation and c...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14. And ... also--**Greek, "But ... also." Not only thou, but let others also of "our" fellow believers (or "whom we have gained over at Crete") with thee. **for necessary uses--**to supply the necessary wants of Christian missionaries and brethren, according as they stand in need in their journeys for the Lord's cause. Compare Tit 1:8, "a lover of hospitality."

But a certain fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation, which shall devour the adversaries.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But a certain fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation, which shall devour the adversaries.</strong> This verse describes the fate of those who willfully reject Christ (verse 26). "A certain fearful looking for of judgment" (<em>phobera de tis ekdochē kriseōs</em>, φοβερὰ δέ τις ἐκδοχὴ κρίσεως) indicates terrified anticipation of coming judgment. <em>Phobera</em> means fear-in...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27) **But a certain fearful looking for.**—Better, *But a fearful awaiting of judgment, and a jealousy of fire that shall devour the adversaries.* For Christ’s “waiting” servants the thought of “judgment” is lost in that of “salvation” (Hebrews 9:27-28); to these sinners nothing is left but the awaiting of judgment. The next words are a partial quotation, or an adaptation, of Isaiah 26:11 : “Let ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. Greet--**"Salute them that love us in the faith." All at Crete had not this love rooted in faith, the true bond of fellowship. A salutation peculiar to this Epistle, such as no forger would have used. **Grace--**Greek, "The grace," namely, of God. **with you all--**not that the Epistle is addressed to all the Cretan Christians, but Titus would naturally impart it to his flock.

He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or three witnesses:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or three witnesses:</strong> The author argues from lesser to greater. If breaking the old covenant brought severe consequences, rejecting the new covenant brings far worse. "He that despised" (<em>athetēsas tis nomon Mōuseōs</em>, ἀθετήσας τις νόμον Μωϋσέως) means to nullify, reject, or treat as invalid. This refers to deliberate, d...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(28) **He that despised Moses’ law.**—Rather, *A man that hath set at nought a law of Moses dieth without pity before two or three witnesses.* The reference is to Deuteronomy 17:2-7, the last words being a direct quotation from Hebrews 10:6 in that section. There the subject is apostasy from Jehovah to the worship of idols. That sin which, by the acknowledgment of all, had in ancient time robbed I...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

THE EPISTLE OF PAUL TO PHILEMON

Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?</strong> This rhetorical question amplifies the argument from verse 28. If violating Moses' law brought death, rejecting Christ brings "how ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(29) **Shall he be thought worthy.**—Better, *shall he be accounted* (or, *judged*)* worthy, *by God the Judge of all, when “the Day” shall come. In the act of apostasy the sinner trampled under foot the Son of God, treated with contempt and scorn Him to whom belongs this highest Name (Hebrews 1:1-4); and the principle of this act becomes the principle of the whole succeeding life. That “blood” by...
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For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his people.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his people.</strong> This verse provides scriptural confirmation of divine judgment, quoting Deuteronomy 32:35-36. The appeal to Scripture ("we know him that hath said") grounds the warning in God's revealed word, not human speculation. "Vengeance belongeth unto m...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(30) **By a new and living way.**—Better, *by the way which He dedicated* (or *inaugurated*)* for us, a new and living way.* This way was opened to us by Him; in it we follow Him. For Him, the way into the Holiest led through the veil, His flesh. As the veil concealed from the high priest the place of God’s presence, which he could enter only by passing through the veil; so, although in His earthl...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

INTRODUCTION **The testimonies to its authenticity are--**Origen [Homily 19, on Jeremiah, vol. 1., p. 185, Edition Huetius], cites it as the letter of Paul to Philemon concerning Onesimus; Tertullian [Against Marcion, 5.21]: "The brevity of this Epistle is the sole cause of its escaping the falsifying hands of Marcion." Eusebius [Ecclesiastical History, 3.25], mentions it among "the universally a...
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It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.</strong> This climactic statement concludes the warning passage (10:26-31). "Fearful thing" (<em>phoberon</em>, φοβερόν) means terrifying, dreadful, fear-inspiring. This isn't reverent awe but terror at facing divine wrath. The phrase "to fall into the hands" (<em>to empesein eis cheiras</em>, τὸ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας) suggests ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(31) **The living God.**—As in Hebrews 3:12; Hebrews 9:14 the exact meaning of the writer’s words is “a Living God;” and a reference to the first of these passages (and to Hebrews 4:12) will show clearly what is their force in this place. There can be little doubt that Deuteronomy 32, from which he has been quoting, is still in his thought. See Deuteronomy 32:40—“I lift up my hand to heaven, and s...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. Apphia--**the Latin, "Appia"; either the wife or some close relative of Philemon. She and Archippus, if they had not belonged to his family, would not have been included with Philemon in the address of a letter on a domestic matter. **Archippus--**a minister of the Colossian Church (Col 4:17). **fellow soldier--**(2Ti 2:3). **church in thy house--**In the absence of a regular church bui...
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But call to remembrance the former days, in which, after ye were illuminated, ye endured a great fight of afflictions;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But call to remembrance the former days, in which, after ye were illuminated, ye endured a great fight of afflictions;</strong> After the stern warning (10:26-31), the author shifts to encouragement, urging readers to remember their faithful past. "Call to remembrance" (<em>anamim​nēskesthe</em>, ἀναμιμνήσκεσθε) is present imperative—keep on remembering, continually recall. Memory of past ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(32) In the last six verses the writer has enforced his exhortation by an appeal to the danger of falling away and the fearful consequences of unfaithfulness. From warning he now turns to encouragement, as in Hebrews 6; and here, as there, he thankfully recalls the earlier proofs which his readers had given of their Christian constancy and love. Let them call to mind and ever keep in remembrance w...
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Partly , whilst ye were made a gazingstock both by reproaches and afflictions; and partly, whilst ye became companions of them that were so used.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Partly, whilst ye were made a gazingstock both by reproaches and afflictions; and partly, whilst ye became companions of them that were so used.</strong> This verse elaborates on the persecution mentioned in verse 32. "Ye were made a gazingstock" (<em>theatrizomenoi</em>, θεατριζόμενοι) means publicly exhibited, made a spectacle. The word derives from "theater"—they were put on public disp...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(33) **Whilst ye were made a gazingstock.**—Literally, *being exposed in the theatre* (see the Notes on Acts 19:29; 1Corinthians 4:9; 1Corinthians 15:32). Here also it is probable that the word has only a figurative sense. **Whilst ye became companions.**—Better, *having become sharers with them that thus lived*—that lived amidst “reproaches and afflictions.” Not “companions” only had they been, b...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. always--**joined by Alford with, "I thank my God."

For ye had compassion of me in my bonds, and took joyfully the spoiling of your goods, knowing in yourselves that ye have in heaven a better and an enduring substance.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For ye had compassion of me in my bonds, and took joyfully the spoiling of your goods, knowing in yourselves that ye have in heaven a better and an enduring substance.</strong> This verse provides specific examples of their love and faith under persecution. "Ye had compassion of me in my bonds" (<em>tois desmiois synepathesan</em>, τοῖς δεσμίοις συνεπαθήσατε) shows active sympathy with imp...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(34) **For ye had compassion of me in my bonds.**—Rather (according to the true reading of the Greek), *for ye had sympathy with them that were in bonds* (comp. Hebrews 13:3, “Remember them that are in bonds as bound with them”). The change of reading is very important in connection] with the question of authorship. (See the *Introduction.*) **And took joyfully.**—Better, *and accepted with joy th...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. Hearing--**the ground of his thanksgiving. It is a delicate mark of authenticity, that he says "hearing" as to churches and persons whom he had not seen or then visited. Now Colosse, Philemon's place of residence, he had never yet seen. Yet Phm 19 here implies that Philemon was his convert. Philemon, doubtless, was converted at Ephesus, or in some other place where he met Paul. **love and f...
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Cast not away therefore your confidence, which hath great recompence of reward.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Cast not away therefore your confidence, which hath great recompence of reward.</strong> Building on their past faithfulness (verses 32-34), the author exhorts continued perseverance. "Cast not away" (<em>mē apobalēte</em>, μὴ ἀποβάλητε) is an aorist subjunctive with negative particle—don't throw away, don't abandon. The warning implies they were tempted to discard something valuable. The ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(35) **Cast not away therefore your confidence.**—Rather, *Cast not away therefore your boldness, seeing it hath a great recompence.* To “cast away boldness” is the opposite of “holding fast the boldness of the hope” (Hebrews 3:6); the one belongs to the endurance of the faithful servant (Hebrews 10:32; Hebrews 10:36), the other to the cowardice of the man who draws back (Hebrews 10:38). This vers...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. That--**The aim of my thanksgiving and prayers for thee is, in order that the, &amp;c. **the communication of thy faith--**the imparting of it and its fruits (namely, acts of love and beneficence: as He 13:16, "to communicate," that is, to impart a share) to others; or, the liberality to others flowing from thy faith (so the Greek is translated, "liberal distribution," 2Co 9:13). **effect...
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For ye have need of patience, that, after ye have done the will of God, ye might receive the promise.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For ye have need of patience, that, after ye have done the will of God, ye might receive the promise.</strong> This verse explains why maintaining confidence (verse 35) is essential. "Ye have need of patience" (<em>hypomon​ēs gar echete chreian</em>, ὑπομονῆς γὰρ ἔχετε χρείαν) identifies patient endurance as necessary. <em>Hypomon​ēs</em> (ὑπομονῆς) means steadfast endurance, patient conti...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(36) **Patience**—*i.e., *brave, patient endurance (see the Note on Hebrews 6:12). The general strain of the exhortation in that chapter (Hebrews 10:9-20) closely resembles these verses. **That, after ye have done . . . ye might.**—Better, *that, having done the will of God, ye may receive the promise.* To do the will of God (Hebrews 13:21) is the necessary condition for receiving the promised ble...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. For--**a reason for the prayer, Phm 4-6. **we have--**Greek, "we had." **joy and consolation--**joined in 2Co 7:4. **saints are refreshed by thee--**His house was open to them. **brother--**put last, to conciliate his favorable attention to the request which follows.

For yet a little while , and he that shall come will come, and will not tarry.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For yet a little while, and he that shall come will come, and will not tarry.</strong> This verse quotes Habakkuk 2:3-4 (though adapted), providing prophetic assurance of Christ's coming. "For yet a little while" (<em>eti gar mikron hoson hoson</em>, ἔτι γὰρ μικρὸν ὅσον ὅσον) emphasizes the brevity of remaining time. The doubled <em>hoson hoson</em> (ὅσον ὅσον, "how much how much") intensi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(37) The connection is this: “Ye have need of endurance” for “the end is not yet” (Matthew 24:6); ye shall “receive the promise,” for the Lord shall surely come, and that soon. **A little while.**—Rather, *a very little while.* The expression is remarkable and unusual; it is evidently taken from Isaiah 26:20—“Come my people . . . hide thyself for *a little moment* until the indignation be overpast...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. Wherefore--**Because of my love to thee, I prefer to "beseech," rather than "enjoin," or authoritatively command. **I might ... enjoin--**in virtue of the obligation to obedience which Philemon lay under to Paul, as having been converted through his instrumentality. **in Christ--**the element in which his boldness has place.

Now the just shall live by faith: but if any man draw back, my soul shall have no pleasure in him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now the just shall live by faith: but if any man draw back, my soul shall have no pleasure in him.</strong> Continuing the Habakkuk 2:4 quotation, this verse contrasts faithful endurance with apostasy. "The just shall live by faith" (<em>ho de dikaios ek pisteōs zēsetai</em>, ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται) became a foundational Reformation text. <em>Ho dikaios</em> (ὁ δίκαιος) is the rig...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(38) **Now the just shall live by faith.**—The Greek text of this clause is not perfectly certain, but it is probable that the word “my” should be added, so that the translation of the verse will be as follows, *But my righteous one shall live by faith.* In the Hebrew the first part of the verse is altogether different: “Behold his soul is lifted up, it is not upright in him; but the righteous sha...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. for love's sake--**mine to thee, and (what ought to be) thine to Onesimus. Or, that Christian love of which thou showest so bright an example (Phm 7). **being such an one--**Explain, Being such a one as thou knowest me to be, namely, **Paul--**the founder of so many churches, and an apostle of Christ, and thy father in the faith. **the aged--**a circumstance calculated to secure thy res...
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But we are not of them who draw back unto perdition; but of them that believe to the saving of the soul.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But we are not of them who draw back unto perdition; but of them that believe to the saving of the soul.</strong> This climactic verse concludes chapter 10 with confident assurance. "But we" (<em>hēmeis de</em>, ἡμεῖς δὲ) emphatically distinguishes the author and faithful readers from apostates. Despite stern warnings, the author expresses confidence in their genuine faith. This isn't pres...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(39) **Of them who draw back.**—Literally, *But we are not of drawing* (or *shrinking*)* back unto perdition, but of faith unto the gaining of the soul.* On the last words (which are nearly identical with those of Luke 17:33, though deeper in meaning) see the Note on Hebrews 10:34. The exhortation thus closes with words of encouragement and hope. Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers Text Cou...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. I beseech thee--**emphatically repeated from Phm 9. In the Greek, the name "Onesimus" is skilfully put last, he puts first a favorable description of him before he mentions the name that had fallen into so bad repute with Philemon. "I beseech thee for my son, whom I have begotten in my bonds, Onesimus." Scripture does not sanction slavery, but at the same time does not begin a political crus...
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