King James Version

What Does Hebrews 10:30 Mean?

Hebrews 10:30 in the King James Version says “For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shal... — study this verse from Hebrews chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his people.

Hebrews 10:30 · KJV


Context

28

He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or three witnesses:

29

Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?

30

For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his people.

31

It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.

32

But call to remembrance the former days, in which, after ye were illuminated, ye endured a great fight of afflictions;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his people. This verse provides scriptural confirmation of divine judgment, quoting Deuteronomy 32:35-36. The appeal to Scripture ("we know him that hath said") grounds the warning in God's revealed word, not human speculation. "Vengeance belongeth unto me" (emoi ekdikēsis, ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις) asserts God's exclusive right to execute justice. Humans are forbidden personal vengeance (Romans 12:19); God alone can righteously punish sin.

"I will recompense" (egō antapodōsō, ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω) means I will repay, requite, or render to each according to their deeds. God's justice is precise—He repays exactly what is deserved, neither more nor less. This is not arbitrary cruelty but exact justice. Those who reject His Son receive exactly the punishment their sin merits.

"The Lord shall judge his people" (krinei Kyrios ton laon autou, κρινεῖ Κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ) reminds covenant people that they face divine judgment. Being God's "people" doesn't grant immunity from His justice—it increases accountability. Those with greater privilege face greater judgment if they apostatize (Luke 12:48). This sobering truth counters presumption based on external covenant membership.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Deuteronomy 32 contains Moses' final song warning Israel of coming judgment if they forsake God. The context (Deuteronomy 32:15-43) describes Israel's rebellion, God's judgment through foreign nations, and ultimate vindication of His people. The author applies this pattern to the new covenant community: those who rebel will face judgment, but God will vindicate His truly faithful people.

First-century Jewish Christians needed this reminder. External Jewish identity didn't guarantee salvation; neither does external Christian profession. God judges hearts, not mere ethnicity or religious affiliation. The prophets regularly warned that covenant status without covenant faithfulness brings judgment (Jeremiah 7:4-15, Amos 3:2).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does knowing that God alone has the right to vengeance affect your responses to personal wrongs and injustices?
  2. In what ways might external religious affiliation tempt you to presume on God's grace without genuine heart commitment?
  3. How can you maintain healthy fear of the Lord while also resting in His promises to never forsake His true children?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
οἴδαμεν1 of 17

we know

G1492

used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl

γὰρ2 of 17

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

τὸν3 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

εἰπόντα4 of 17

him that hath said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

Ἐμοὶ5 of 17

belongeth unto me

G1698

to me

ἐκδίκησις6 of 17

Vengeance

G1557

vindication, retribution

ἐγὼ7 of 17

I

G1473

i, me

ἀνταποδώσω8 of 17

will recompense

G467

to requite (good or evil)

λέγει9 of 17

saith

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

Κύριος·10 of 17

The Lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

καὶ11 of 17

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

πάλιν12 of 17

again

G3825

(adverbially) anew, i.e., (of place) back, (of time) once more, or (conjunctionally) furthermore or on the other hand

Κύριος·13 of 17

The Lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

Κρινεῖ14 of 17

shall judge

G2919

by implication, to try, condemn, punish

τὸν15 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

λαὸν16 of 17

people

G2992

a people (in general; thus differing from g1218, which denotes one's own populace)

αὐτοῦ17 of 17
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Hebrews. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Hebrews 10:30 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Hebrews 10:30 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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