About Ezra

Ezra records the return from exile and the rebuilding of the temple, followed by Ezra's ministry of spiritual restoration.

Author: EzraWritten: c. 450-400 BCReading time: ~3 minVerses: 22
RestorationTemple RebuildingLawPurityPrayerConfession

King James Version

Ezra 6

22 verses with commentary

The Decree of Darius

Then Darius the king made a decree, and search was made in the house of the rolls, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon. rolls: Chaldee, books laid up: Chaldee, made to descend

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then Darius the king made a decree, and search was made in the house of the rolls, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon.</strong> King Darius I (522-486 BC) ordered archival research to verify Cyrus's original decree, demonstrating Persian administrative sophistication. The phrase 'house of the rolls' (<em>bêth siphraya'</em>, בֵּית סִפְרַיָּא, Aramaic) refers to the imperial archiv...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **Made a decree.**—Rather, *gave an order.* **Were laid up.**—In the original, *laid down,* in a chamber for the storing of documents and other treasures.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-15. an host of fighting men, that went out to war by bands--**He raised a strong body of militia, divided into companies or regiments of uniform size, which served in rotation. The enumeration was performed by two functionaries expert in the drawing up of military muster-rolls, under the superintendence of Hananiah, one of the high officers of the crown. The army consisted of 307,500 picked m...
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And there was found at Achmetha, in the palace that is in the province of the Medes, a roll, and therein was a record thus written: Achmetha: or, Ecbatana, or, in a coffer

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KJV Study Commentary

The decree's discovery 'at Achmetha, in the palace that is in the province of the Medes' specifies precise location. This geographical precision enhances historical credibility. The roll (scroll) containing Cyrus's decree provided documentary proof validating Jewish authorization. Ancient rulers' decrees had legal force—finding it meant Darius must honor his predecessor's commitment. God orchestra...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **At** **Achmetha.**—That is, Ecbatana, the Median capital of Cyrus. It is probable that the original roll of parchment had been destroyed at Babylon by Smerdis, but a copy of it was found here, probably in a Chaldean transcript.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-15. an host of fighting men, that went out to war by bands--**He raised a strong body of militia, divided into companies or regiments of uniform size, which served in rotation. The enumeration was performed by two functionaries expert in the drawing up of military muster-rolls, under the superintendence of Hananiah, one of the high officers of the crown. The army consisted of 307,500 picked m...
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In the first year of Cyrus the king the same Cyrus the king made a decree concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, Let the house be builded, the place where they offered sacrifices, and let the foundations thereof be strongly laid; the height thereof threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof threescore cubits;

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KJV Study Commentary

The quotation preserves Cyrus's specific authorization: 'let the house be builded... the place where they offered sacrifices.' This validates that temple rebuilding had imperial authorization from the beginning. The specifications for 'height thereof threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof threescore cubits' provided formal parameters. Cyrus's decree distinguished legitimate worship (temple) fr...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Strongly laid.**—“Thy foundation shall be laid” (Isaiah 44:28). The decree adds a word that signifies “with sufficient support.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-15. an host of fighting men, that went out to war by bands--**He raised a strong body of militia, divided into companies or regiments of uniform size, which served in rotation. The enumeration was performed by two functionaries expert in the drawing up of military muster-rolls, under the superintendence of Hananiah, one of the high officers of the crown. The army consisted of 307,500 picked m...
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With three rows of great stones, and a row of new timber: and let the expenses be given out of the king's house:

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KJV Study Commentary

The construction specifications—'three rows of great stones, and a row of new timber'—describe earthquake-resistant building technique. The requirement that 'expenses be given out of the king's house' commits imperial treasury to fund construction. This transforms temple rebuilding from struggling Jewish effort to state-sponsored project. God's sovereignty turns potential opposition into material ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-15. an host of fighting men, that went out to war by bands--**He raised a strong body of militia, divided into companies or regiments of uniform size, which served in rotation. The enumeration was performed by two functionaries expert in the drawing up of military muster-rolls, under the superintendence of Hananiah, one of the high officers of the crown. The army consisted of 307,500 picked m...
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And also let the golden and silver vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took forth out of the temple which is at Jerusalem, and brought unto Babylon, be restored, and brought again unto the temple which is at Jerusalem, every one to his place, and place them in the house of God. brought again: Chaldee, go

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KJV Study Commentary

The command to return 'the vessels... which Nebuchadnezzar took forth out of the temple which is at Jerusalem' completes the restoration cycle. These vessels symbolized covenant continuity—their seizure represented defeat, their return vindication. The order that they 'be restored, and brought again unto the temple which is at Jerusalem' demonstrates divine faithfulness across generations. What se...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **And also let the golden and silver vessels** **. . .** **be restored.**—The desecration of these vessels by Belshazzar (Daniel 5:2-3) was thus to be expiated. Every word, including the twice repeated “house of God,” is most emphatic.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-15. an host of fighting men, that went out to war by bands--**He raised a strong body of militia, divided into companies or regiments of uniform size, which served in rotation. The enumeration was performed by two functionaries expert in the drawing up of military muster-rolls, under the superintendence of Hananiah, one of the high officers of the crown. The army consisted of 307,500 picked m...
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Now therefore, Tatnai, governor beyond the river, Shetharboznai, and your companions the Apharsachites, which are beyond the river, be ye far from thence: your: Chaldee, their societies

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now therefore, Tatnai, governor beyond the river, Shethar-boznai, and your companions the Apharsachites, which are beyond the river, be ye far from thence.</strong> Darius's command uses emphatic language—'be ye far' (<em>raḥîqîn hăwû</em>, רַחִיקִין הֲוֺוּ, Aramaic, 'keep far away')—prohibiting interference with temple construction. The phrase 'beyond the river' (<em>'ăbar nahărā'</em>) d...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **Now therefore, Tatnai.**—Here there is an abrupt transition to the decree of Darius itself, the terms of which were either drawn up by Jewish help, or are freely rendered into the national phraseology by the historian. **Be ye far from thence.**—That is, keep aloof from any kind of interference.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. he transgressed against the Lord, &amp;c.--**(See on 2Ki 15:5). This daring and wicked act is in both records traced to the intoxicating influence of overweening pride and vanity. But here the additional circumstances are stated, that his entrance was opposed, and strong remonstrances made (1Ch 6:10) by the high priest, who was accompanied by eighty inferior priests. Rage and threats were...
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Let the work of this house of God alone; let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews build this house of God in his place.

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KJV Study Commentary

Darius's command—'Let the work of this house of God alone'—orders non-interference. The phrase 'let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews build this house of God in his place' grants autonomy for Jewish religious leadership to direct the project. This represents remarkable liberty—imperial power protecting minority religion's self-governance. God's sovereignty secures religious freed...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. he transgressed against the Lord, &amp;c.--**(See on 2Ki 15:5). This daring and wicked act is in both records traced to the intoxicating influence of overweening pride and vanity. But here the additional circumstances are stated, that his entrance was opposed, and strong remonstrances made (1Ch 6:10) by the high priest, who was accompanied by eighty inferior priests. Rage and threats were...
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Moreover I make a decree what ye shall do to the elders of these Jews for the building of this house of God: that of the king's goods, even of the tribute beyond the river, forthwith expenses be given unto these men, that they be not hindered. I make: Chaldee, by me a decree is made hindered: Chaldee, made to cease

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Moreover I make a decree what ye shall do to the elders of these Jews for the building of this house of God: that of the king's goods, even of the tribute beyond the river, forthwith expenses be given unto these men, that they be not hindered.</strong> This verse records Darius's decree using the Aramaic term <em>te'em</em> (טְעֵם, 'decree'), carrying legal force throughout the Persian Emp...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Moreover.**—***I*** *also make my decree.* **Of the king’s goods.**—From the tribute collected to be sent to Persia sums were previously to be deducted.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. he transgressed against the Lord, &amp;c.--**(See on 2Ki 15:5). This daring and wicked act is in both records traced to the intoxicating influence of overweening pride and vanity. But here the additional circumstances are stated, that his entrance was opposed, and strong remonstrances made (1Ch 6:10) by the high priest, who was accompanied by eighty inferior priests. Rage and threats were...
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And that which they have need of, both young bullocks, and rams, and lambs, for the burnt offerings of the God of heaven, wheat, salt, wine, and oil, according to the appointment of the priests which are at Jerusalem, let it be given them day by day without fail:

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KJV Study Commentary

Darius's provision command is comprehensive: 'that which they have need of, both young bullocks, and rams, and lambs, for the burnt offerings of the God of heaven, wheat, salt, wine, and oil.' This supplies all necessities for sacrificial system as prescribed in Torah. The purpose clause 'that they may offer sacrifices of sweet savours unto the God of heaven' shows Darius understood worship requir...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Both young bullocks, and rams, and lambs.**—An accurate account of the provision required for the sacrifices and meat-offerings of the daily service of the Temple: how accurate will be seen by consulting Exodus 29 and Leviticus 2. **Appointment** here is simply the word: that is, of direction.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. he transgressed against the Lord, &amp;c.--**(See on 2Ki 15:5). This daring and wicked act is in both records traced to the intoxicating influence of overweening pride and vanity. But here the additional circumstances are stated, that his entrance was opposed, and strong remonstrances made (1Ch 6:10) by the high priest, who was accompanied by eighty inferior priests. Rage and threats were...
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That they may offer sacrifices of sweet savours unto the God of heaven, and pray for the life of the king, and of his sons. of sweet: Chaldee, of rest

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KJV Study Commentary

The purpose for provision—'that they may offer sacrifices of sweet savours unto the God of heaven, and pray for the life of the king, and of his sons'—reveals Darius's motivation. He sought divine blessing through support of proper worship. Whether this reflects genuine belief or pragmatic insurance, God uses it for His purposes. The text doesn't require pagan rulers' pure motives—God accomplishes...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **That they may offer sacrifices . . . and pray for the life of the king.**—Two ends are to be answered: the God of heaven is to be honoured, and the dynasty of Darius interceded for by the Jews. (Comp. Jeremiah 29:7.) **Of sweet savours.**—The word occurs again only in Daniel 2:46, and there is translated “sweet odours,” meaning incense. The connection of this with the prayer following justi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. he transgressed against the Lord, &amp;c.--**(See on 2Ki 15:5). This daring and wicked act is in both records traced to the intoxicating influence of overweening pride and vanity. But here the additional circumstances are stated, that his entrance was opposed, and strong remonstrances made (1Ch 6:10) by the high priest, who was accompanied by eighty inferior priests. Rage and threats were...
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Also I have made a decree, that whosoever shall alter this word, let timber be pulled down from his house, and being set up, let him be hanged thereon; and let his house be made a dunghill for this. let him: Chaldee, let him be destroyed

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KJV Study Commentary

The penalty decree—'whosoever shall alter this word, let timber be pulled down from his house, and being set up, let him be hanged thereon'—imposes severe punishment for violation. This brutal enforcement protected the restoration work from interference. The additional curse 'and let his house be made a dunghill for this' threatens ultimate shame. God's purposes are so important that He providenti...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **Alter this word** seems to mean “violate this command,” since the alteration of a decree was a thing unheard of. **Hanged** is literally *crucified.* Among the Persians crucifixion was generally the nailing of a body to a cross after decapitation; among the Assyrians it was transfixion or impalement. Here the “being set up” refers of course to the man, and not to the beam.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-21. he transgressed against the Lord, &amp;c.--**(See on 2Ki 15:5). This daring and wicked act is in both records traced to the intoxicating influence of overweening pride and vanity. But here the additional circumstances are stated, that his entrance was opposed, and strong remonstrances made (1Ch 6:10) by the high priest, who was accompanied by eighty inferior priests. Rage and threats were...
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And the God that hath caused his name to dwell there destroy all kings and people, that shall put to their hand to alter and to destroy this house of God which is at Jerusalem. I Darius have made a decree; let it be done with speed.

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KJV Study Commentary

The concluding curse—'the God that hath caused his name to dwell there destroy all kings and people, that shall put to their hand to alter and to destroy this house of God which is at Jerusalem'—invokes divine judgment on future violators. Darius acknowledges Jerusalem's unique status as place where God's name dwells. This confession from a pagan king demonstrates that God's reputation extends bey...
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The Temple Completed

Then Tatnai, governor on this side the river, Shetharboznai, and their companions, according to that which Darius the king had sent, so they did speedily.

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KJV Study Commentary

Tattenai's obedience—'Then Tattenai, governor on this side the river, Shethar-boznai, and their companions, according to that which Darius the king had sent, so they did speedily'—demonstrates governmental efficiency. The word 'speedily' shows prompt compliance without resistance or delay. This transformed former inquirers into active supporters. God's sovereignty turns questioning officials into ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**23. they buried him ... in the field of the burial which belonged to the kings--**He was interred not in, but near, the sepulcher of the kings, as the corpse of a leper would have polluted it.

And the elders of the Jews builded, and they prospered through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. And they builded, and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the commandment of Cyrus, and Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia. commandment: Chaldee, decree

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KJV Study Commentary

The summary statement identifies multiple causation: 'the elders of the Jews builded, and they prospered through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah.' Human builders worked, prophets encouraged, and God blessed—multiple simultaneous causes at different levels. The phrase 'they builded and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel' establishes ultimate divine ca...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Cyrus, and Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia.**—This verse includes all the agents in the great work with which the book deals: from Cyrus to Artaxerxes; the elders, that is, the heads of the Jews; the prophets (see Ezra 5:1); but all is *from the God of Israel,* whose commandment Cyrus and all others fulfilled. **Artaxerxes king of Persia.**—Evidently the Artaxerxes Longimanus of the s...
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And this house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And this house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king.</strong> This precise dating—'third day of Adar' (twelfth month, roughly February/March)—demonstrates historical accuracy. The Hebrew verb <em>shlam</em> (שְׁלַם, 'finished') shares root with <em>shalom</em>, suggesting completion brings peace. The temple was finishe...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **The third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year.**—The event around which this part of the history revolves is dated with due care; it was on the third day of the last month of the ecclesiastical year, B.C. 516-515. Haggai (Haggai 1:15) gives the exact date of the re-commencement: the time therefore was four years five months and ten days. But, dating from the first foundation ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 27 2Ch 27:1-4. Jotham, Reigning Well, Prospers. **1. Jotham was twenty and five years old--**(See on 2Ki 15:32-35). **His mother's name ... Jerushah, the daughter of Zadok--**or descendant of the famous priest of that name [2Sa 8:17].

And the children of Israel, the priests, and the Levites, and the rest of the children of the captivity, kept the dedication of this house of God with joy, the children of the captivity: Chaldee, the sons of the transportation

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the children of Israel, the priests, and the Levites, and the rest of the children of the captivity, kept the dedication of this house of God with joy.</strong> The dedication ceremony celebrated temple completion in 516 BC (sixth year of Darius, Ezra 6:15), marking the culmination of persistent effort despite opposition. The threefold description—'children of Israel, priests, Levites'...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16-22) The dedication of the second Temple. (16) **Children of the captivity**.—This designation is peculiarly appropriate here, as in Ezra 6:20. “All Israel” soon follows.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. he did that which was right--**The general rectitude of his government is described by representing it as conducted on the excellent principles which had guided the early part of his father's reign. **the people did yet corruptly--**(See 2Ki 15:35); but the description here is more emphatic, that though Jotham did much to promote the good of his kingdom and aimed at a thorough reformation i...
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And offered at the dedication of this house of God an hundred bullocks, two hundred rams, four hundred lambs; and for a sin offering for all Israel, twelve he goats, according to the number of the tribes of Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

The dedication offerings—'an hundred bullocks, two hundred rams, four hundred lambs'—were substantial but modest compared to Solomon's dedication (1 Kings 8:63: 22,000 oxen, 120,000 sheep). The sin offering of 'twelve he goats, according to the number of the tribes of Israel' maintained all-Israel identity despite only Judah and Benjamin's numerical dominance. This demonstrated covenant continuity...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **Twelve he goats.**—The people are not now “Judah” or “Judah and Benjamin,” but “all Israel.” On the Day of Atonement, on the new moons, and on all the great feasts the kid was the sin-offering for the people. But only here is one offered for each tribe.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. He built the high gate of the house of the Lord--**situated on the north--that portion of the temple hill which was high compared with the southern part--hence "the higher," or upper gate (see on 2Ki 15:35). He built, that is, repaired or embellished. **and on the wall of Ophel--**Hebrew, "the Ophel," that is, the mound, or eminence on the southeastern slope of the temple mount, a ridge lyi...
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And they set the priests in their divisions, and the Levites in their courses, for the service of God, which is at Jerusalem; as it is written in the book of Moses. as it is: Chaldee, according to the writing

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KJV Study Commentary

The organizational statement—'they set the priests in their divisions, and the Levites in their courses, for the service of God, which is at Jerusalem'—restored Davidic worship structure. The phrase 'as it is written in the book of Moses' demonstrates submission to biblical authority. This balance of Davidic innovation (divisions and courses) grounded in Mosaic authorization shows that legitimate ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **In the book of Moses.**—The general arrangements only were given in the Pentateuch. The “courses” were of David’s time; and their restoration must have been imperfect, as neither were the twenty-four courses of priests complete nor were the Levites in full force.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. in the mountains of Judah, and in the forests he built castles and towers--**that is, in the elevated and wooded spots where fortified cities could not be placed, he erected castles and towers. 2Ch 27:5-9. He Subdues the Ammonites.

The Passover Celebrated

And the children of the captivity kept the passover upon the fourteenth day of the first month.

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KJV Study Commentary

The Passover observance—'the children of the captivity kept the passover upon the fourteenth day of the first month'—occurred exactly when Mosaic law prescribed (Exodus 12:6, Leviticus 23:5). The phrase 'children of the captivity' became technical designation for returned exiles, distinguishing them from those who had remained in the land. This Passover marked covenant renewal—celebrating redempti...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **Upon the fourteenth day of the first month.**—Recording the special celebration of the Passover—after the precedent of Hezekiah and Josiah—Ezra returns to the Hebrew language. The occasion was, as it were, a renewal of the redemption from Egypt, and another wilderness had been passed.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. He fought also with the king of the Ammonites--**This invasion he not only repelled, but, pursuing the Ammonites into their own territory, he imposed on them a yearly tribute, which, for two years, they paid. But when Rezin, king of Syria, and Pekah, king of Israel, combined to attack the kingdom of Judah, they took the opportunity of revolting, and Jotham was too distracted by other matters ...
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For the priests and the Levites were purified together, all of them were pure, and killed the passover for all the children of the captivity, and for their brethren the priests, and for themselves.

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KJV Study Commentary

The purification statement—'For the priests and the Levites were purified together, all of them were pure'—emphasizes ritual cleanness prerequisite for Passover service. The phrase 'all of them' stresses comprehensive purity—no half-measures or compromise. Their collective purification ('together') demonstrates community commitment to holiness. The Levites' slaughtering Passover lambs 'for all the...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **Purified together.**—This verse should be translated as follows, contrary to the present accentuation: “The priests were purified; and the Levites were purified as one man: all were pure; and killed.” In this fact the present Levitical and official purity of both orders surpassed that of Hezekiah’s celebration (2Chronicles 29:34; 2Chronicles 30:3). It had come to be the practice that the Le...
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And the children of Israel, which were come again out of captivity, and all such as had separated themselves unto them from the filthiness of the heathen of the land, to seek the LORD God of Israel, did eat,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the children of Israel, which were come again out of captivity, and all such as had separated themselves unto them from the filthiness of the heathen of the land, to seek the LORD God of Israel, did eat,</strong> This verse describes Passover celebration after temple completion, emphasizing two groups: returning exiles and proselytes who 'separated themselves... from the filthiness of ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **Separated themselves** **. . .**—Not proselytes from the heathen are intended, but the remnant of the Jews in the land who had consorted with the foreign populations introduced by the conquerors. Their intermarriages and other acts of conformity are constantly referred to throughout Ezra and Nehemiah.

And kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with joy: for the LORD had made them joyful, and turned the heart of the king of Assyria unto them, to strengthen their hands in the work of the house of God, the God of Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with joy</strong>—חַג הַמַּצּוֹת (<em>chag hamatzot</em>, feast of unleavened bread) commemorates the Exodus deliverance (Exodus 12:15-20). The שִׂמְחָה (<em>simchah</em>, joy) marks a profound emotional shift from the weeping at the temple foundation (3:12-13) to exuberant celebration at its completion. This seven-day observance following ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **And kept the feast.**—The Mazzoth, or week of unleavened bread, was the symbol of entire separation from evil, to the service of that God whom on the Passover they accepted as their God. The special joy of this feast was the feeling that the Lord had *“*turned the heart of the king of Assyria.” The king of Persia is so called as a remembrancer of their oppression by his forerunners. Ellicot...
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