About Esther

Esther shows God's providence in protecting His people through a Jewish queen, though His name is never mentioned.

Author: UnknownWritten: c. 470-424 BCReading time: ~3 minVerses: 23
ProvidenceCourageDeliveranceIdentityReversalFaithfulness

King James Version

Esther 2

23 verses with commentary

Esther Made Queen

After these things, when the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased, he remembered Vashti, and what she had done, and what was decreed against her.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>After these things, when the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased, he remembered Vashti, and what she had done, and what was decreed against her.</strong> The phrase "after these things" (<em>achar ha-devarim ha-elleh</em>, אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה) marks transition from Vashti's removal to the search for her replacement. The king's "wrath was appeased" (<em>shakhakh chamat hamelekh</em>...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

II. (1) **After these things.**—We have seen that the great feast at Susa was in the year 483 B.C. , and that in the spring of 481 B.C. Xerxes set out for Greece. At some unspecified time, then, between these limits the proposal now started is to be placed. The marriage of Esther, however (Esther 2:16), did not come about till after the return from Greece, the king’s long absence explaining the ot...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline Nehemiah's request to the king.(1-8) Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem.(9-18) The opposition of the adversaries.(19-20) **Verses 1-8** Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of gr...
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Then said the king's servants that ministered unto him, Let there be fair young virgins sought for the king:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then said the king's servants that ministered unto him, Let there be fair young virgins sought for the king:</strong> The king's personal servants (<em>na'arei hamelekh mesharetav</em>, נַעֲרֵי־הַמֶּלֶךְ מְשָׁרְתָיו), those with intimate access and awareness of his moods, recognized the opportune moment to propose a solution. Their suggestion to seek "fair young virgins" initiated what wou...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline Nehemiah's request to the king.(1-8) Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem.(9-18) The opposition of the adversaries.(19-20) **Verses 1-8** Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of gr...
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And let the king appoint officers in all the provinces of his kingdom, that they may gather together all the fair young virgins unto Shushan the palace, to the house of the women, unto the custody of Hege the king's chamberlain, keeper of the women; and let their things for purification be given them: unto the: Heb. unto the hand Hege: or, Hegai

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And let the king appoint officers in all the provinces of his kingdom, that they may gather together all the fair young virgins unto Shushan the palace, to the house of the women, unto the custody of Hege the king's chamberlain, keeper of the women; and let their things for purification be given them:</strong> The servants' proposal becomes more detailed, outlining the administrative mecha...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **The house of the women.**—The harem, then as now, **a** prominent feature in the establishment of an Eastern king. **Hege.**—Called Hegai in Esther 2:8; a eunuch whose special charge seems to have been the virgins, while another, named Shaashgaz (Esther 2:14), had the custody of the concubines. The whole verse shows, as conclusively as anything could do, in how degrading an aspect Eastern wo...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline Nehemiah's request to the king.(1-8) Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem.(9-18) The opposition of the adversaries.(19-20) **Verses 1-8** Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of gr...
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And let the maiden which pleaseth the king be queen instead of Vashti. And the thing pleased the king; and he did so.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And let the maiden which pleaseth the king be queen instead of Vashti. And the thing pleased the king; and he did so.</strong> The proposal's conclusion presents the selection criterion: whichever young woman most pleases the king will become queen. This purely subjective standard contrasts sharply with the earlier emphasis on Vashti's legal violation. The new queen would be chosen not for...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline Nehemiah's request to the king.(1-8) Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem.(9-18) The opposition of the adversaries.(19-20) **Verses 1-8** Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of gr...
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Now in Shushan the palace there was a certain Jew, whose name was Mordecai, the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, a Benjamite;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now in Shushan the palace there was a certain Jew, whose name was Mordecai, the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, a Benjamite;</strong> The narrative shifts dramatically from Persian imperial grandeur to introduce "a certain Jew," emphasizing his ethnic identity above all other characteristics. The name Mordecai possibly derives from Marduk, Babylon's chief deity, showing Je...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **Mordecai.**—Canon Rawlinson is disposed to identify Mordecai with Matacas, who was the most powerful of the eunuchs in the reign of Xerxes. It may be assumed that Mordecai was a eunuch, by the way in which he was allowed access to the royal harem (Esther 2:11; Esther 2:22). The name Mordecai occurs in Ezra 2:2; Nehemiah 7:7, as one of those who returned to Judæa with Zerubbabel. **The son of...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

THE BOOK OF NEHEMIAH Commentary by Robert Jamieson CHAPTER 1 Ne 1:1-3. Nehemiah, Understanding by Hanani the Afflicted State of Jerusalem, Mourns, Fasts, and Prays. **1. Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah--**This eminently pious and patriotic Jew is to be carefully distinguished from two other persons of the same name--one of whom is mentioned as helping to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem (Ne 3:16),...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline Nehemiah's request to the king.(1-8) Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem.(9-18) The opposition of the adversaries.(19-20) **Verses 1-8** Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of gr...
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Who had been carried away from Jerusalem with the captivity which had been carried away with Jeconiah king of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away. Jeconiah: or, Jehoiachin

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Who had been carried away from Jerusalem with the captivity which had been carried away with Jeconiah king of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away.</strong> This verse provides historical context for Mordecai's presence in Persia, tracing his family's exile to the Babylonian captivity under Jeconiah (2 Kings 24:8-17). The threefold repetition of "carried away" em...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **Who had been** **. . .**—The antecedent is obviously Kish, though as far as the mere grammar goes it might have been Mordecai. **Jeconiah.**—That is, Jehoiachin. (See 2Kings 24:12-16.) **Nebuchadnezzar** **. . .** **had carried away.**—This was in 598 B.C., 117 years before this time, so that the four generations are readily accounted for.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-3. Hanani, one of my brethren, came, he and certain men of Judah--**Hanani is called his brother (Ne 7:2). But as that term was used loosely by Jews as well as other Orientals, it is probable that no more is meant than that he was of the same family. According to Josephus, Nehemiah, while walking around the palace walls, overheard some persons conversing in the Hebrew language. Having ascertai...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline Nehemiah's request to the king.(1-8) Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem.(9-18) The opposition of the adversaries.(19-20) **Verses 1-8** Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of gr...
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And he brought up Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle's daughter: for she had neither father nor mother, and the maid was fair and beautiful ; whom Mordecai, when her father and mother were dead, took for his own daughter. brought: Heb. nourished fair: Heb. fair of form, and good of countenance

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KJV Study Commentary

Esther introduced: <strong>'And he brought up Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle's daughter: for she had neither father nor mother, and the maid was fair and beautiful; whom Mordecai, when her father and mother were dead, took for his own daughter'</strong>. Esther (Hebrew name Hadassah, meaning 'myrtle') was orphaned and adopted by cousin Mordecai. Her beauty and orphan status both proved provi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **Hadassah.**—This is evidently formed from the Hebrew *hadas,* the myrtle: Esther is generally assumed to be a Persian name, meaning a star. Unless we assume that this latter name was given afterwards, and is here used by anticipation, we have here an early case of the common Jewish practice of using two names, a Hebrew and a Gentile one—*e.g.,* Saul, Paul; John, Mark; Joses, Justus, &c. **Un...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-3. Hanani, one of my brethren, came, he and certain men of Judah--**Hanani is called his brother (Ne 7:2). But as that term was used loosely by Jews as well as other Orientals, it is probable that no more is meant than that he was of the same family. According to Josephus, Nehemiah, while walking around the palace walls, overheard some persons conversing in the Hebrew language. Having ascertai...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline Nehemiah's request to the king.(1-8) Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem.(9-18) The opposition of the adversaries.(19-20) **Verses 1-8** Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of gr...
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So it came to pass, when the king's commandment and his decree was heard, and when many maidens were gathered together unto Shushan the palace, to the custody of Hegai, that Esther was brought also unto the king's house, to the custody of Hegai, keeper of the women.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So it came to pass, when the king's commandment and his decree was heard, and when many maidens were gathered together unto Shushan the palace, to the custody of Hegai, that Esther was brought also unto the king's house, to the custody of Hegai, keeper of the women.</strong> The phrase "it came to pass" (<em>vayehi</em>, וַיְהִי) marks the narrative's advancement to implementation. The kin...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ne 1:4-11. His Prayer. **4. when I heard these words, that I sat down ... and mourned ... and fasted, and prayed--**The recital deeply affected the patriotic feelings of this good man, and no comfort could he find but in earnest and protracted prayer, that God would favor the purpose, which he seems to have secretly formed, of asking the royal permission to go to Jerusalem.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline Nehemiah's request to the king.(1-8) Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem.(9-18) The opposition of the adversaries.(19-20) **Verses 1-8** Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of gr...
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And the maiden pleased him, and she obtained kindness of him; and he speedily gave her her things for purification, with such things as belonged to her, and seven maidens, which were meet to be given her, out of the king's house: and he preferred her and her maids unto the best place of the house of the women. such: Heb. her portions preferred: Heb. changed

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the maiden pleased him, and she obtained kindness of him; and he speedily gave her her things for purification, with such things as belonged to her, and seven maidens, which were meet to be given her, out of the king's house: and he preferred her and her maids unto the best place of the house of the women.</strong> Esther's immediate favor with Hegai demonstrates God's providence at wo...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Obtained kindness** **of him.**—This is the same phrase as that which is rendered “obtained favour in his sight” in Esther 2:17.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-18** When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.

Esther had not shewed her people nor her kindred: for Mordecai had charged her that she should not shew it.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Esther had not shewed her people nor her kindred: for Mordecai had charged her that she should not shew it.</strong> Esther's concealment of her Jewish identity, explicitly following Mordecai's instruction, raises ethical questions. Was this deception, or legitimate prudence? The Hebrew verb <em>higgid</em> (הִגִּיד, "shewed/declared") suggests active disclosure rather than response to dir...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **Esther had not shewed** **. . .**—From the hope on Mordecai’s part that she might pass for a native Persian, and that her Jewish birth should be no hindrance to her advancement. The king does not learn his wife’s nation till some time afterwards (Esther 7:4).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-18** When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.

And Mordecai walked every day before the court of the women's house, to know how Esther did, and what should become of her. to know: Heb. to know the peace

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Mordecai walked every day before the court of the women's house, to know how Esther did, and what should become of her.</strong> Mordecai's daily vigil outside the women's quarters demonstrates faithful concern and covenant loyalty. The phrase "walked every day" (<em>mit'haleikh bechol-yom</em>, מִתְהַלֵּךְ בְּכָל־יוֹם) suggests habitual, persistent action—not casual interest but commi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **Mordecai walked** **. . .**—Apparently he was one of the royal doorkeepers. (See Esther 2:21; Esther 5:13.)

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-18** When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.

Now when every maid's turn was come to go in to king Ahasuerus, after that she had been twelve months, according to the manner of the women, (for so were the days of their purifications accomplished, to wit, six months with oil of myrrh, and six months with sweet odours, and with other things for the purifying of the women;)

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now when every maid's turn was come to go in to king Ahasuerus, after that she had been twelve months, according to the manner of the women, (for so were the days of their purifications accomplished, to wit, six months with oil of myrrh, and six months with sweet odours, and with other things for the purifying of the women;)</strong> The twelve-month preparation period reveals both the ela...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **Manner.**—Translate, *law* or *ordinance,* as in Esther 1:8; Esther 1:15.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-18** When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.

Then thus came every maiden unto the king; whatsoever she desired was given her to go with her out of the house of the women unto the king's house.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then thus came every maiden unto the king; whatsoever she desired was given her to go with her out of the house of the women unto the king's house.</strong> When each maiden's appointed time came, she could request whatever she wished (<em>kol asher tomar</em>, כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאמַר) to accompany her—jewelry, cosmetics, perfumes, clothing—to maximize her attractiveness and chances of pleasin...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-18** When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.

In the evening she went, and on the morrow she returned into the second house of the women, to the custody of Shaashgaz, the king's chamberlain, which kept the concubines: she came in unto the king no more, except the king delighted in her, and that she were called by name.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>In the evening she went, and on the morrow she returned into the second house of the women, to the custody of Shaashgaz, the king's chamberlain, which kept the concubines: she came in unto the king no more, except the king delighted in her, and that she were called by name.</strong> This verse describes the permanent consequence of that single night with the king. Each maiden "went in the ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-18** When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.

Now when the turn of Esther, the daughter of Abihail the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her for his daughter, was come to go in unto the king, she required nothing but what Hegai the king's chamberlain, the keeper of the women, appointed. And Esther obtained favour in the sight of all them that looked upon her.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now when the turn of Esther, the daughter of Abihail the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her for his daughter, was come to go in unto the king, she required nothing but what Hegai the king's chamberlain, the keeper of the women, appointed. And Esther obtained favour in the sight of all them that looked upon her.</strong> The formal reintroduction—"Esther, the daughter of Abihail the uncle...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. I was the king's cupbearer--**This officer, in the ancient Oriental courts, was always a person of rank and importance; and, from the confidential nature of his duties and his frequent access to the royal presence, he possessed great influence.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-18** When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.

So Esther was taken unto king Ahasuerus into his house royal in the tenth month, which is the month Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So Esther was taken unto king Ahasuerus into his house royal in the tenth month, which is the month Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign.</strong> The specific chronological marker—"the tenth month, which is the month Tebeth, in the seventh year"—indicates approximately four years after Vashti's removal in year three (1:3). This extended timeline accommodated Xerxes' Greek campaign (48...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **The month Tebeth.**—This extended from the new moon in January to that in February; the name occurs only here. The fifth Egyptian month, lasting from December 20 to January 20, was called Tybi. The time referred to in the verse will be the January or February of the year 478 B.C., and must have been very shortly after Xerxes’ return to Susa from the West. The long delay in replacing Vashti ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-18** When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.

And the king loved Esther above all the women, and she obtained grace and favour in his sight more than all the virgins; so that he set the royal crown upon her head, and made her queen instead of Vashti. favour: or, kindness in his: Heb. before him

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KJV Study Commentary

Esther becomes queen: <strong>'And the king loved Esther above all the women, and she obtained grace and favour in his sight more than all the virgins; so that he set the royal crown upon her head, and made her queen instead of Vashti'</strong>. Ahasuerus's love for Esther led to her coronation, fulfilling God's providential plan. The phrase 'obtained grace and favour' (<em>hesed ve-chen</em>) use...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 2 Ne 2:1-20. Artaxerxes, Understanding the Cause of Nehemiah's Sadness, Sends Him with Letters and a Commission to Build Again the Walls of Jerusalem. **1. it came to pass in the month Nisan--**This was nearly four months after he had learned the desolate and ruinous state of Jerusalem (Ne 1:1). The reasons for so long a delay cannot be ascertained. **I took up the wine, and gave it unt...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-18** When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.

Then the king made a great feast unto all his princes and his servants, even Esther's feast; and he made a release to the provinces, and gave gifts, according to the state of the king. release: Heb. rest

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then the king made a great feast unto all his princes and his servants, even Esther's feast; and he made a release to the provinces, and gave gifts, according to the state of the king.</strong> Ahasuerus celebrated Esther's coronation with another feast, called "Esther's feast" (<em>mishteh Ester</em>, מִשְׁתֵּה אֶסְתֵּר), honoring his new queen. The "release to the provinces" (<em>hanacha...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **Release.**—Literally, *rest.* The word only occurs *here: it may* refer either to a release from tribute or from military service, probably the former. Either, however, would have been consistent with Persian usage. (See Herod, iii. 67, 6:59.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-5. the king said unto me, Why is thy countenance sad?--**It was deemed highly unbecoming to appear in the royal presence with any weeds or signs of sorrow (Es 4:2); and hence it was no wonder that the king was struck with the dejected air of his cupbearer, while that attendant, on his part, felt his agitation increased by his deep anxiety about the issue of the conversation so abruptly begun. ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-18** When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.

Mordecai Uncovers a Conspiracy

And when the virgins were gathered together the second time, then Mordecai sat in the king's gate.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And when the virgins were gathered together the second time, then Mordecai sat in the king's gate.</strong> This cryptic verse likely indicates a second collection of virgins for the royal harem—either routine expansion or possibly related to Esther's elevation creating new vacancies. The transition to "Mordecai sat in the king's gate" establishes his official position. "Sitting in the gat...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **And when the virgins** **. . .**—Here begins a fresh incident in the history, whose date we cannot fix precisely, save that it falls between the marriage of Esther and the twelfth year of Ahasuerus (Esther 3:7). The king “loved Esther above all the women,” but how the word “love “is degraded in this connection is seen by the fact that after she had been his wife certainly less (possibly muc...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-5. the king said unto me, Why is thy countenance sad?--**It was deemed highly unbecoming to appear in the royal presence with any weeds or signs of sorrow (Es 4:2); and hence it was no wonder that the king was struck with the dejected air of his cupbearer, while that attendant, on his part, felt his agitation increased by his deep anxiety about the issue of the conversation so abruptly begun. ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 19-20** The enmity of the serpent's seed against the cause of Christ is confined to no age or nation. The application to ourselves is plain. The church of God asks for our help. Is it not desolate, and exposed to assaults? Does the consideration of its low estate cause you any grief? Let not business, pleasure, or the support of a party so engage attention, as that Zion and her welfar...
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Esther had not yet shewed her kindred nor her people; as Mordecai had charged her: for Esther did the commandment of Mordecai, like as when she was brought up with him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Esther had not yet shewed her kindred nor her people; as Mordecai had charged her: for Esther did the commandment of Mordecai, like as when she was brought up with him.</strong> The repetition of Esther's concealment (first stated in v. 10) emphasizes its importance and her continued obedience even after becoming queen. The phrase "Esther did the commandment of Mordecai" (<em>ta'as Ester e...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **Esther had not yet** **. . .**—Perhaps this verse is added to meet the supposition that the king wished to replace Esther through finding out her nation.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-5. the king said unto me, Why is thy countenance sad?--**It was deemed highly unbecoming to appear in the royal presence with any weeds or signs of sorrow (Es 4:2); and hence it was no wonder that the king was struck with the dejected air of his cupbearer, while that attendant, on his part, felt his agitation increased by his deep anxiety about the issue of the conversation so abruptly begun. ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 19-20** The enmity of the serpent's seed against the cause of Christ is confined to no age or nation. The application to ourselves is plain. The church of God asks for our help. Is it not desolate, and exposed to assaults? Does the consideration of its low estate cause you any grief? Let not business, pleasure, or the support of a party so engage attention, as that Zion and her welfar...
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In those days, while Mordecai sat in the king's gate, two of the king's chamberlains, Bigthan and Teresh, of those which kept the door, were wroth, and sought to lay hand on the king Ahasuerus. Bigthan: or, Bigthana the door: Heb. the threshold

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>In those days, while Mordecai sat in the king's gate, two of the king's chamberlains, Bigthan and Teresh, of those which kept the door, were wroth, and sought to lay hand on the king Ahasuerus.</strong> The phrase "in those days" connects this event to the timeline of Esther's elevation, suggesting it occurred soon after her coronation. Two royal chamberlains, "Bigthan and Teresh," planned...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **In those days.**—Here the thread of Esther 2:19 is taken up, *“*then I say, in those days—“ **Bigthan.**—Called Bigtha in Esther 1:10; Bigthana in Esther 6:2. **Sought to lay hand on the king.**—It is noticeable that Xerxes was ultimately murdered by Artabanus, captain of the guard, and Mithridates, a *chamberlain.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2-5. the king said unto me, Why is thy countenance sad?--**It was deemed highly unbecoming to appear in the royal presence with any weeds or signs of sorrow (Es 4:2); and hence it was no wonder that the king was struck with the dejected air of his cupbearer, while that attendant, on his part, felt his agitation increased by his deep anxiety about the issue of the conversation so abruptly begun. ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline Nehemiah's request to the king.(1-8) Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem.(9-18) The opposition of the adversaries.(19-20) **Verses 1-8** Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of gr...
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And the thing was known to Mordecai, who told it unto Esther the queen; and Esther certified the king thereof in Mordecai's name.

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KJV Study Commentary

Mordecai's discovery of Bigthan and Teresh's assassination plot and his reporting it through Esther demonstrates God's sovereign orchestration of events. Though God isn't explicitly mentioned in Esther, His providence is evident: Mordecai 'happened' to overhear, Esther had access to the king, and crucially, this act was recorded but Mordecai went unrewarded (v. 23)—until the pivotal night of 6:1-3...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **And Esther certified the king thereof.**—Doubtless by this means an increased influence was gained over the capricious mind of the king, an influence which before long served Esther in good stead.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6-9. the queen also sitting by him--**As the Persian monarchs did not admit their wives to be present at their state festivals, this must have been a private occasion. The queen referred to was probably Esther, whose presence would tend greatly to embolden Nehemiah in stating his request; and through her influence, powerfully exerted it may be supposed, also by her sympathy with the patriotic de...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline Nehemiah's request to the king.(1-8) Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem.(9-18) The opposition of the adversaries.(19-20) **Verses 1-8** Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of gr...
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And when inquisition was made of the matter, it was found out; therefore they were both hanged on a tree: and it was written in the book of the chronicles before the king.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And when inquisition was made of the matter, it was found out; therefore they were both hanged on a tree: and it was written in the book of the chronicles before the king.</strong> The investigation confirmed the conspiracy, resulting in both chamberlains' execution by hanging (<em>talah</em>, תָּלָה, literally "impalement" or "hanging on a stake/tree"). The crucial detail: "it was written...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) **Hanged on a tree.**—Were crucified; a common punishment among the Persians, especially on rebels (Herod. iii. 120, 125, 159, &c). The dead body of Leonidas was crucified by Xerxes’ orders after the desperate stand at Thermopylæ. **Book of the chronicles.**—A sleepless night of Xerxes accidentally brought this matter, after it had been forgotten, before the king’s mind. Herodotus often refer...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6-9. the queen also sitting by him--**As the Persian monarchs did not admit their wives to be present at their state festivals, this must have been a private occasion. The queen referred to was probably Esther, whose presence would tend greatly to embolden Nehemiah in stating his request; and through her influence, powerfully exerted it may be supposed, also by her sympathy with the patriotic de...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline Nehemiah's request to the king.(1-8) Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem.(9-18) The opposition of the adversaries.(19-20) **Verses 1-8** Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of gr...
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