About Ecclesiastes

Ecclesiastes examines life's meaning "under the sun," concluding that true purpose is found only in fearing God.

Author: SolomonWritten: c. 940-930 BCReading time: ~2 minVerses: 17
MeaninglessnessWisdomEnjoymentDeathFear of GodPurpose

King James Version

Ecclesiastes 8

17 verses with commentary

Obey the King

Who is as the wise man? and who knoweth the interpretation of a thing? a man's wisdom maketh his face to shine, and the boldness of his face shall be changed. the boldness: Heb. the strength

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Who is as the wise man? and who knoweth the interpretation of a thing?</strong> These rhetorical questions elevate the wise person above ordinary humanity. The Hebrew <em>pesher</em> (פֵּשֶׁר, interpretation) means to explain, solve, or discern meaning—particularly of difficult matters. The truly wise possess rare ability to understand what perplexes others.<br><br><strong>A man's wisdom m...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

VIII. (1) This verse in praise of wisdom can be connected either with what precedes or what follows. (See Hosea 14:9.) **Interpretation.**—The word occurs elsewhere in the Chaldee parts of Daniel. **Boldness.**—Impudence is removed from the countenance. See Proverbs 7:13; Proverbs 21:29; Ecclesiasticus 13:25.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**23. labour--**painful diligence. **talk ... penury--**idle and vain promises and plans.

I counsel thee to keep the king's commandment, and that in regard of the oath of God.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I counsel thee to keep the king's commandment, and that in regard of the oath of God.</strong> The Preacher advises submitting to royal authority, grounded in sacred oath. The Hebrew <em>shamar</em> (שָׁמַר, keep) means to guard, observe, or obey carefully. The phrase 'oath of God' (<em>shevuat elohim</em>, שְׁבוּעַת אֱלֹהִים) likely refers to covenant loyalty sworn before God—either the k...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) The unconnected “I” with which this verse begins, indicates that some word has early dropped out of the text. The italics with which our translators fill *the *gap no doubt give the right sense. It may be mentioned that Ecclesiastes is characterised by a superfluous use of the pronoun “I” after the verb, just as if in Latin we constantly had, instead of “dixi,” “dixi ego.” The counsels given h...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

24. (Compare Pr 3:16). **foolishness ... folly--**Folly remains, or produces folly; it has no benefit.

Be not hasty to go out of his sight: stand not in an evil thing; for he doeth whatsoever pleaseth him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Be not hasty to go out of his sight: stand not in an evil thing; for he doeth whatsoever pleaseth him.</strong> This verse counsels political wisdom in navigating royal courts. The Hebrew <em>bahal</em> (בָּהַל, be hasty) warns against impulsive departure from the king's presence—whether literal (leaving court abruptly) or metaphorical (withdrawing service or loyalty rashly). Hasty reactio...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) I believe the rendering of our version to be correct, though some have taken it, “Be not hasty: go out of his eight.” The best commentary on this verse is Ecclesiastes 10:4, which gives the meaning, “When censured by the king, do not abandon the hope of retaining his favour, nor obstinately persist in what he condemns.” I do not find adequate proof of the assertion of some commentators, that “...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

25. Life often depends on truth-telling. **a deceitful ... lies--**He that breathes out lies is deceit, not to be trusted (Pr 14:5).

Where the word of a king is, there is power: and who may say unto him, What doest thou?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Where the word of a king is, there is power: and who may say unto him, What doest thou?</strong> This verse asserts the king's absolute authority in his domain. The Hebrew <em>shalton</em> (שִׁלְטוֹן, power) denotes sovereign authority and dominion. A king's word carries executive force—his decree becomes reality. The rhetorical question emphasizes accountability's absence: who dares chall...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **Power.**—The word used here and Ecclesiastes 5:8, only occurs again in the Chaldee part of Daniel. In the latter part of the Hebrew verse is one of the many reminiscences of the work of Job (Job 9:12; see also Wisdom Of Solomon 12:12).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

26. The blessings of piety descend to children (Pr 13:22; 20:7; Ex 20:6).

Whoso keepeth the commandment shall feel no evil thing: and a wise man's heart discerneth both time and judgment. shall: Heb. shall know

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Whoso keepeth the commandment shall feel no evil thing.</strong> The Hebrew <em>shomer mitzvah</em> (שׁוֹמֵר מִצְוָה, keeps the commandment) promises protection to the obedient. In context, 'commandment' refers to the king's decree (v. 2-4), but the principle extends to God's commands. Obedience provides security—keeping commandments avoids the calamity disobedience brings. The phrase 'fee...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

27. (Compare Pr 13:14). **fear of the Lord--**or, "law of the wise," is wisdom (Psa 111:10).

Because to every purpose there is time and judgment, therefore the misery of man is great upon him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Because to every purpose there is time and judgment, therefore the misery of man is great upon him.</strong> This verse presents a paradox: the appointed time (<em>et</em>, עֵת) and proper manner (<em>mishpat</em>, מִשְׁפָּט) exist for every purpose (<em>chephets</em>, חֵפֶץ), yet this truth increases human misery (<em>ra'ah</em>, רָעָה) rather than relieving it.<br><br>Why does knowing 't...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) The connecting particles here present difficulties which have not been satisfactorily solved; and it has even been conjectured that some words may have dropped out of the text. The first half of the verse repeats Ecclesiastes 3:1; the second almost verbally Ecclesiastes 6:1; on this account our translation “misery” is to be preferred to “wickedness” as some render it.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

28. The teaching of a true political economy.

For he knoweth not that which shall be: for who can tell him when it shall be? when: or, how it shall be?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For he knoweth not that which shall be: for who can tell him when it shall be?</strong> This verse explains why human misery is great (v. 6): we cannot know the future. The double negation emphasizes absolute human ignorance regarding coming events. The Hebrew <em>yada</em> (יָדַע, to know) here means comprehensive understanding, which humans lack regarding <em>mah-sheyihyeh</em> (מַה־שֶּׁ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29. slow ... understanding--**(Compare Pr 14:17). **hasty--**(Compare Pr 14:17). **exalteth folly--**makes it conspicuous, as if delighting to honor it.

There is no man that hath power over the spirit to retain the spirit; neither hath he power in the day of death: and there is no discharge in that war; neither shall wickedness deliver those that are given to it. discharge: or, casting off weapons

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>There is no man that hath power over the spirit to retain the spirit.</strong> The Hebrew <em>ruach</em> (רוּחַ) means spirit, breath, or wind—here likely referring to the life-breath. No human possesses <em>shalton</em> (שִׁלְטוֹן, authority/power) to control when their spirit departs. Death comes when God ordains, not when we choose. Despite medical advances, humans cannot ultimately pre...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Spirit.**—As has been remarked in similar cases, the translation “wind” is possible; but the rendering of the whole verse as given in our version seems to me as good as any that it has been proposed to substitute. **Discharge.—**Elsewhere only (Psalm 78:49) where it is translated “sending.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**30. A sound heart--**both literally and figuratively, a source of health; in the latter sense, opposed to the known effect of evil passions on health.

All this have I seen, and applied my heart unto every work that is done under the sun: there is a time wherein one man ruleth over another to his own hurt.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>All this have I seen, and applied my heart unto every work that is done under the sun.</strong> The Preacher summarizes his empirical investigation—<em>ra'iti</em> (רָאִיתִי, I have seen) emphasizes personal observation, while 'applied my heart' (<em>naton et-libi</em>, נָתוֹן אֶת־לִבִּי) indicates careful, deliberate reflection. He examined comprehensively <em>kol-ma'aseh</em> (כָּל־מַעֲש...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Own hurt.**—The Hebrew is ambiguous. We might omit “own,” and understand the verse of the misery inflicted by a tyrant on his subject, not on himself. But the context speaks of the small gain from his oppressions to the tyrant himself.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**31. reproacheth his Maker--**who is the God of such, as well as of the rich (Pr 22:2; Job 31:15; and specially 1Sa 2:8; Psa 113:7).

The Wicked Prosper While the Righteous Suffer

And so I saw the wicked buried, who had come and gone from the place of the holy, and they were forgotten in the city where they had so done: this is also vanity.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I saw the wicked buried, who had come and gone from the place of the holy</strong>—the Hebrew 'qadosh' (קָדוֹשׁ, holy place) likely refers to the Temple or sanctuary where these wicked individuals performed religious duties or maintained public piety. They 'came and went' (ba'u vayehalekhu, בָּאוּ וַיְהַלֵּכוּ) with apparent legitimacy, yet were morally corrupt.<br><br><strong>They were fo...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **They had so done.—**An ambiguity in translation of this verse arises from the fact that the word translated “so” is rendered “well” (2Kings 7:9 and elsewhere). Consequently some understand the verse, “The wicked receive an honourable burial, while those who have acted well are driven away from the holy place (viz. Jerusalem, Isaiah 48:2; Neh. xi, 1, 18) and forgotten.” But we prefer to tran...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**32. driven--**thrust out violently (compare Psa 35:5, 6). **hath hope--**trusteth (Pr 10:2; 11:4; Psa 2:12), implying assurance of help.

Because sentence against an evil work is not executed speedily, therefore the heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to do evil.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Because sentence against an evil work is not executed speedily</strong>—the Hebrew 'pitgam' (פִּתְגָם, sentence) refers to judicial verdict, while 'maher' (מַהֵר, speedily) means quickly or promptly. God's judgment often delays, creating a gap between sin and consequence. This divine forbearance, intended to produce repentance (Romans 2:4), paradoxically emboldens sinners.<br><br><strong>T...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **Sentence.**—This is a Persian word only found in Esther 1:20, and in Chaldee parts of Ezra and Daniel.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**33. resteth--**preserved in quietness for use, while fools blazon their folly (Pr 12:23; 13:16).

Though a sinner do evil an hundred times, and his days be prolonged, yet surely I know that it shall be well with them that fear God, which fear before him:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Though a sinner do evil an hundred times, and his days be prolonged</strong>—the Preacher acknowledges empirical reality: persistent sinners often enjoy long life and prosperity. The phrase 'ma'ariykh lo' (מַאֲרִיךְ לוֹ, prolonging his days) indicates extended lifespan despite wickedness, contradicting simplistic retribution theology that always equates righteousness with blessing and sin ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **Though.—**Better, *Because; *the first part of this verse being in continuation of the preceding. The latter part of the verse states the faith which the writer holds in spite of apparent contrary experience.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**34. Righteousness--**just principles and actions. **exalteth--**raises to honor. **is a reproach--**brings on them the ill-will of others (compare Pr 13:6).

But it shall not be well with the wicked, neither shall he prolong his days, which are as a shadow; because he feareth not before God.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But it shall not be well with the wicked, neither shall he prolong his days</strong>—this verse provides the counterpoint to verse 12. Despite observable exceptions where sinners live long (v.12), ultimate reality sides with justice. The phrase 'lo yitab' (לֹא־יִיטַב, not be well) indicates comprehensive ill-being, not merely premature death.<br><br><strong>Which are as a shadow; because h...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **As a shadow.—**Ecclesiastes 6:12; Wisdom Of Solomon 2:5; see also Wisdom Of Solomon 4:8.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**35. wise--**discreet or prudent. **causeth shame--**(Pr 10:5; 12:4) acts basely.

There is a vanity which is done upon the earth; that there be just men, unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wicked; again, there be wicked men, to whom it happeneth according to the work of the righteous: I said that this also is vanity.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>There is a vanity which is done upon the earth</strong>—the Preacher returns to his key term 'hevel' (הֶבֶל, vanity/vapor), now applying it to moral incoherence in providence. What follows describes specific frustration: retribution seems inverted.<br><br><strong>Just men, unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wicked; again, there be wicked men, to whom it happeneth according...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Happeneth.**—The word is used in this sense only in Esther 9:26.

Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abide with him of his labour the days of his life, which God giveth him under the sun.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry</strong>—after wrestling with delayed justice and moral inversions (vv.10-14), the Preacher advocates receiving God's gifts with joy. The Hebrew 'simchah' (שִׂמְחָה, mirth/joy) doesn't mean hedonistic pleasure but grateful enjoyment of daily provisions as divine gifts. The p...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) The writer returns to the sentiment expressed already (Ecclesiastes 2:24; Ecclesiastes 3:12; Ecclesiastes 3:22; Ecclesiastes 5:17). **Eat, and to drink, and to be merry.—**The three words occur together 1Kings 4:20.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 15 Pr 15:1-33. **1. soft--**tender or gentle. **turneth ... wrath--**from any one. **stir up--**as a smouldering fire is excited.

When I applied mine heart to know wisdom, and to see the business that is done upon the earth: (for also there is that neither day nor night seeth sleep with his eyes:)

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>When I applied mine heart to know wisdom, and to see the business that is done upon the earth</strong>—the Preacher describes his investigative method: wholehearted intellectual pursuit ('applied mine heart,' natati et-libi, נָתַתִּי אֶת־לִבִּי) combined with empirical observation ('to see the business,' lir'ot et-ha'inyan, לִרְאוֹת אֶת־הָעִנְיָן). This represents comprehensive investigati...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) It would have been better if the new chapter had been made to begin here. The sentiment is that already expressed in Ecclesiastes 3:11. **Seeth sleep with his eyes.**—Psalm 132:4; Proverbs 6:4; Genesis 31:40. The identical expression occurs in Terence, *Heaut *III. 1:82, “Somnum hercle ego hae nocte oculis non vidi meis.” Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers Text Courtesy of BibleSupp...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. useth ... aright--**commends knowledge by its proper use. **poureth out--**utters abundantly (Pr 12:23), and so disgusts others.

Then I beheld all the work of God, that a man cannot find out the work that is done under the sun: because though a man labour to seek it out, yet he shall not find it; yea further; though a wise man think to know it, yet shall he not be able to find it.

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KJV Study Commentary

Solomon's conclusion after observing divine providence is profoundly humbling: human wisdom has inherent limitations. The threefold repetition—'cannot find out,' 'shall not find it,' 'shall not be able to find it'—emphasizes the absolute certainty of human epistemological limits. The phrase 'all the work of God' (kol-ma'aseh ha'Elohim, כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂה הָאֱלֹהִים) encompasses God's sovereign governan...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. beholding--**watching (compare Pr 5:21; Psa 66:7).

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