About Daniel

Daniel demonstrates faithfulness in exile while receiving visions of God's sovereignty over all kingdoms of history.

Author: DanielWritten: c. 535 BCReading time: ~4 minVerses: 31
SovereigntyFaithfulnessProphecyKingdomsPersecutionDeliverance

King James Version

Daniel 5

31 verses with commentary

The Writing on the Wall

Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.

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KJV Study Commentary

Daniel 5 shifts to Belshazzar, Nebuchadnezzar's successor. 'Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.' The massive banquet demonstrates royal excess and confidence despite Babylon being under siege by Medo-Persian forces (historical context from 5:30-31). The public drinking 'before the thousand' shows the king's shameless indulgence. Th...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

V. (1) **Belshazzar.**—On this king see *Excursus C.* As he was the son of Nabonidus, a space of about thirty years must have elapsed since the event recorded in the last chapter. The Babylonian empire survived the death of Nebuchadnezzar only twenty-five years. **A thousand.**—There is nothing unreasonable in the number of the guests; in fact, the LXX. have doubled the number. (See Esther 1:3-4.)...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. exceeding in dyed attire--**rather, "in ample dyed turbans"; literally, "redundant with dyed turbans." The Assyrians delighted in ample, flowing, and richly colored tunics, scarfs, girdles, and head-dresses or turbans, varying in ornaments according to the rank. **Chaldea, ... land of their nativity--**between the Black and Caspian Seas (see on Is 23:13). **princes--**literally, a first-...
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Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem; that the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein. father: or, grandfather taken: Cald. brought forth

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KJV Study Commentary

Belshazzar, emboldened by wine, commands bringing the sacred vessels Nebuchadnezzar had taken from Jerusalem's temple—the most sacred objects from Israel's worship, now used for drunken revelry honoring Babylonian idols. This act represents ultimate sacrilege: profaning holy things, mocking the defeated nation's God, and demonstrating contemptuous pride. The timing is significant—this occurs durin...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Whiles he tasted—***i.e.,* while he was enjoying the wine. The sacred vessels were brought out of the temple of Merodach, and profaned in this manner for the purpose of defying Jehovah. But it may be reasonably asked, What led him to think of Jehovah in the midst of the revelry? It may have been that some drunken fancy seized him. It may have been that he had been warned that the prophets of...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. sent messengers ... into Chaldea--**(Eze 16:29). It was she that solicited the Chaldeans, not they her. Probably the occasion was when Judah sought to strengthen herself by a Chaldean alliance against a menaced attack by Egypt (compare 2Ki 23:29-35; 24:1-7). God made the object of their sinful desire the instrument of their punishment. Jehoiakim, probably by a stipulation of tribute, enliste...
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Then they brought the golden vessels that were taken out of the temple of the house of God which was at Jerusalem; and the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, drank in them.

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KJV Study Commentary

The servants execute Belshazzar's command, bringing the golden and silver vessels from Jerusalem's temple. The king, his lords, wives, and concubines drink from these sacred implements 'before the thousand' (v.1)—a public spectacle of sacrilege. The vessels' golden and silver composition emphasizes their value and sacred status; they weren't ordinary cups but specially consecrated implements for t...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. alienated from them--**namely, from the Chaldeans: turning again to the Egyptians (Eze 23:19), trying by their help to throw off her solemn engagements to Babylon (compare Jr 37:5, 7; 2Ki 24:7).

They drank wine, and praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone.

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KJV Study Commentary

While drinking from Jerusalem's holy vessels, the revelers 'praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone.' This catalog of materials emphasizes idolatry's absurdity: worshiping man-made objects rather than the living God. The comprehensive list (six materials) suggests Babylon's pantheon—multiple idols made from various substances, all inanimate, all impotent. ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**18. my mind was alienated from her--**literally, "was broken off from her." Just retribution for "her mind being alienated (broken off) from the Chaldeans" (Eze 23:17), to whom she had sworn fealty (Eze 17:12-19). "Discovered" implies the open shamelessness of her apostasy.

In the same hour came forth fingers of a man's hand, and wrote over against the candlestick upon the plaister of the wall of the king's palace: and the king saw the part of the hand that wrote.

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KJV Study Commentary

The phrase "In the same hour" emphasizes the immediacy of divine response to Belshazzar's blasphemy. The Aramaic <em>bah-sha'ta</em> (בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָא, "in that moment") indicates God's judgment can fall suddenly when humans cross lines of irreverence. "Came forth fingers of a man's hand" describes supernatural writing—disembodied fingers moving independently, creating undeniable supernatural manife...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **In the same hour—***i.e.*, suddenly and unexpectedly. (Comp. Daniel 3:6.) Observe that it was only a portion of the hand that the king saw (comp. Daniel 5:24), and that we are not told whether the guests saw the hand or not. That the writing was visible to all is plain from Daniel 5:8. We remark here, as in other supernatural manifestations recorded in Scripture, that a portion only has been...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

19. Israel first "called" her lusts, practised when in Egypt, "to her (fond) remembrance," and then actually returned to them. Mark the danger of suffering the memory to dwell on the pleasure felt in past sins.

Then the king's countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled him, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees smote one against another. countenance: Cald. brightnesses was changed: Cald. changed it joints: or, girdles: Cald. bindings, or, knots

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KJV Study Commentary

The king's terrified response to the supernatural handwriting: his countenance changed, thoughts troubled him, joints of his loins loosened, and knees knocked together. This physical description depicts complete terror—loss of color (countenance changed), mental distress (thoughts troubled), loss of strength (loins loosened suggesting collapse of strength/courage), and uncontrollable trembling (kn...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **The king’s countenance was changed.—**The effect of the vision on the king changes his whole expression to that of alarm instead of drunken mirth.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20. their paramours--**that is, her paramours among them (the Egyptians); she doted upon their persons as her paramours (Eze 23:5, 12, 16). **flesh--**the membrum virile (very large in the ass). Compare Le 15:2, Margin; Eze 16:26. **issue of horses--**the seminal issue. The horse was made by the Egyptians the hieroglyphic for a lustful person.

The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers. And the king spake, and said to the wise men of Babylon, Whosoever shall read this writing, and shew me the interpretation thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about his neck, and shall be the third ruler in the kingdom. aloud: Cald. with might scarlet: or, purple

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KJV Study Commentary

Belshazzar immediately summons Babylon's wise men—astrologers, Chaldeans, and soothsayers—offering extravagant rewards for interpretation: scarlet/purple clothing (royal colors), gold chain (symbol of high office), and position as 'third ruler' in the kingdom. The offer reveals desperation: the king will give nearly anything for understanding. 'Third ruler' reflects political reality—Nabonidus was...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **The astrologers.**—It is worthy of notice that on this occasion the magicians (the *chartummim*) do not appear. We must either suppose that they are included under the general term “Chaldeans,” or that the king in his terror forgot to summon them. The “wise men” spoken of (Daniel 5:8) were the body over which Daniel was president—a post which it appears. from Daniel 8:27, he held at this tim...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21. calledst to remembrance--**"didst repeat" [Maurer]. **in bruising--**in suffering ... to be bruised.

Then came in all the king's wise men: but they could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof.

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KJV Study Commentary

Despite their expertise and promised rewards, all the king's wise men 'could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof.' This failure is comprehensive: they couldn't even read the writing, much less interpret its meaning. Some scholars suggest the writing used an unknown script, archaic language, or was written in a way that made reading difficult. Others propose ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Then**—*i.e.,* after the king had addressed the wise men whom he had summoned. But why could not they read an inscription which Daniel deciphered at first sight? It has been conjectured (1) that the character was old Semitic, or one which the wise men did not know; (2) that the language of the inscription was unknown to them; (3) that the words were written in vertical columns, and the wise ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22. lovers ... alienated--**(Eze 23:17). Illicit love, soon or late, ends in open hatred (2Sa 13:15). The Babylonians, the objects formerly of their God-forgetting love, but now, with characteristic fickleness, objects of their hatred, shall be made by God the instruments of their punishment.

Then was king Belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were astonied. countenance: Cald. brightnesses

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KJV Study Commentary

Belshazzar's trouble increases ('greatly troubled') and his countenance changes again—his terror deepening as the wise men fail. His lords are similarly 'astonied' (astounded/dismayed), sharing his distress. This escalation shows how initial fear intensifies when human solutions fail. The king faces incomprehensible supernatural communication that his entire intellectual establishment cannot decod...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) The terror of Belshazzar and his lords is caused by the impression that the inability of the wise men to read the inscription is the portent of some terrible calamity.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**23. Pekod, &amp;c.--**(Jr 50:21). Not a geographical name, but descriptive of Babylon. "Visitation," peculiarly the land of "judgment"; in a double sense: actively, the inflicter of judgment on Judah; passively, as about to be afterwards herself the object of judgment. **Shoa ... Koa--**"rich ... noble"; descriptive of Babylon in her prosperity, having all the world's wealth and dignity at her...
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Now the queen, by reason of the words of the king and his lords, came into the banquet house: and the queen spake and said, O king, live for ever: let not thy thoughts trouble thee, nor let thy countenance be changed:

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KJV Study Commentary

The queen (likely the queen mother, Nebuchadnezzar's widow or Belshazzar's mother, since the king's wives were already present at the feast, v.2) enters after hearing the commotion. Her opening words—'O king, live for ever'—use the standard greeting while addressing the immediate situation: 'let not thy thoughts trouble thee, neither let thy countenance be changed.' She has wisdom the king lacks: ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **By reason of the words.—**The noise and confusion in the banquet-hall was heard by the queen-mother in her apartments. Her respect for Daniel is evident from her language. The position which she held was one of influence, for it appears that her advice was no sooner offered than it was accepted.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**24. with chariots--**or, "with armaments"; so the Septuagint; "axes" [Maurer]; or, joining it with "wagons," translate, "with scythe-armed wagons," or "chariots" [Grotius]. **wheels--**The unusual height of these increased their formidable appearance (Eze 1:16-20). **their judgments--**which awarded barbarously severe punishments (Jr 52:9; 29:22).

There is a man in thy kingdom, in whom is the spirit of the holy gods; and in the days of thy father light and understanding and wisdom, like the wisdom of the gods, was found in him; whom the king Nebuchadnezzar thy father, the king, I say, thy father, made master of the magicians, astrologers, Chaldeans, and soothsayers; father: or, grandfather

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KJV Study Commentary

The queen describes Daniel's credentials: 'There is a man in thy kingdom, in whom is the spirit of the holy gods; and in the days of thy father light and understanding and wisdom, like the wisdom of the gods, was found in him.' She recounts Nebuchadnezzar's recognition of Daniel's unique abilities, his appointment as 'master of the magicians, astrologers, Chaldeans, and soothsayers.' The phrase 's...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **The spirit.—**Comp. Daniel 4:8-9. **Thy father.**—No blood relationship is necessarily implied by this word. It means no more than “predecessor.” (See *Introd.,* sec. VI.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**25. take away thy nose ... ears--**Adulteresses were punished so among the Egyptians and Chaldeans. Oriental beauties wore ornaments in the ear and nose. How just the retribution, that the features most bejewelled should be mutilated! So, allegorically as to Judah, the spiritual adulteress.

Forasmuch as an excellent spirit, and knowledge, and understanding, interpreting of dreams, and shewing of hard sentences, and dissolving of doubts, were found in the same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar: now let Daniel be called, and he will shew the interpretation. interpreting: or, of an interpreter dissolving: or, of a dissolver doubts: Cald. knots

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KJV Study Commentary

The queen details Daniel's specific abilities: 'excellent spirit, knowledge, understanding, interpreting dreams, showing hard sentences, and dissolving doubts.' These encompass the full range of wisdom—intellectual acuity, spiritual discernment, interpretive skill, and problem-solving ability. The phrase 'interpreting of dreams, and shewing of hard sentences, and dissolving of doubts' catalogs pre...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **Forasmuch as.—**The effect of these words is to combine the two facts mentioned in Daniel 5:11, and to make the advice at the end of this verse more forcible. “Because Daniel is a wise man, and has proved his wisdom in the days of Nebuchadnezzar, therefore send for him now.” **Dissolving of doubts.**—See marginal alternative; and for an illustration comp. *Records of the Past,* vol. iii., p...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**26. strip ... of ... clothes--**whereby she attracted her paramours (Eze 16:39).

Then was Daniel brought in before the king. And the king spake and said unto Daniel, Art thou that Daniel, which art of the children of the captivity of Judah, whom the king my father brought out of Jewry? father: or, grandfather

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KJV Study Commentary

Daniel is brought before the king, who immediately identifies him: 'Art thou that Daniel, which art of the children of the captivity of Judah, whom the king my father brought out of Jewry?' This introduction emphasizes Daniel's origin—a captive from conquered Judah, brought to Babylon decades earlier (605 BC). The designation 'children of the captivity' highlights his status: not a native Babyloni...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **And the king spake.—**The words of the queen-mother, especially her mention of the circumstance that Daniel’s name had been changed to Beltehazzar, at once recalls the whole of the circumstances to the king’s mind. That Belshazzar knew him by reputation is plain from the description given of him at the end of the verse: “which art of the children of the captivity of Judah.” **Art thou that ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**27. Thus ... make ... lewdness to cease--**The captivity has made the Jews ever since abhor idolatry, not only on their return from Babylon, but for the last eighteen centuries of their dispersion, as foretold (Ho 3:4).

I have even heard of thee, that the spirit of the gods is in thee, and that light and understanding and excellent wisdom is found in thee.

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KJV Study Commentary

Belshazzar recounts what he's heard about Daniel: 'I have even heard of thee, that the spirit of the gods is in thee, and that light and understanding and excellent wisdom is found in thee.' This secondhand knowledge ('I have heard') explains why he didn't summon Daniel initially—the current king knew of Daniel's reputation but had no personal relationship or recent experience with him. The descri...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

28. (Eze 23:17, 18; 16:37).

And now the wise men, the astrologers, have been brought in before me, that they should read this writing, and make known unto me the interpretation thereof: but they could not shew the interpretation of the thing:

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KJV Study Commentary

The king explains his predicament: the wise men and astrologers were brought to interpret the writing but couldn't. This admission of failure prepares for Daniel's success, establishing that the solution requires divine enablement, not merely human expertise or effort. The king's explanation is straightforward—acknowledging both the problem (mysterious writing) and previous failed attempts (wise m...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **The thing—***i.e.*, the whole of this miraculous transaction.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29. take away ... thy labour--**that is, the fruits of thy labor. **leave thee naked--**as captive females are treated.

And I have heard of thee, that thou canst make interpretations, and dissolve doubts: now if thou canst read the writing, and make known to me the interpretation thereof, thou shalt be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about thy neck, and shalt be the third ruler in the kingdom. make interpretations: Cald. interpret, etc

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KJV Study Commentary

Belshazzar makes his offer to Daniel: interpret the writing and receive scarlet clothing, gold chain, and position as third ruler. The king assumes Daniel, like others, will be motivated by rewards—honor, wealth, and power. This reveals Belshazzar's worldview: everyone has a price; wisdom is a commodity that can be purchased. Daniel's forthcoming response (v.17)—'Let thy gifts be to thyself, and g...
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Then Daniel answered and said before the king, Let thy gifts be to thyself, and give thy rewards to another; yet I will read the writing unto the king, and make known to him the interpretation. rewards: or, fee

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KJV Study Commentary

Daniel's response to offered rewards demonstrates integrity: 'Let thy gifts be to thyself, and give thy rewards to another; yet I will read the writing unto the king, and make known to him the interpretation.' Daniel refuses bribes that might compromise message delivery. He'll serve truth regardless of personal benefit. The phrase 'yet I will' shows he'll provide interpretation not for reward but ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **Let thy gifts be to thyself.—**Daniel refused the king’s offer of reward at first, but afterwards accepted it. In this way he showed his determination to speak the truth without any respect to fee, gift, or reward. (Comp. the conduct of Elisha, 2Kings 5:16; 2Kings 8:9.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**31. her cup--**of punishment (Psa 11:6; 75:8; Jr 25:15, &amp;c.). Thy guilt and that of Israel being alike, your punishment shall be alike.

O thou king, the most high God gave Nebuchadnezzar thy father a kingdom, and majesty, and glory, and honour:

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KJV Study Commentary

Daniel begins his interpretation by recounting Nebuchadnezzar's history: 'O thou king, the most high God gave Nebuchadnezzar thy father a kingdom, and majesty, and glory, and honour.' This establishes fundamental theology: earthly kingdoms come through divine grant, not human achievement. The fourfold description (kingdom, majesty, glory, honour) emphasizes comprehensive dominion—Nebuchadnezzar re...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **The most high God**.—Comp. this and the three following verses with Daniel 4:16-17; Daniel 4:22-25.

And for the majesty that he gave him, all people, nations, and languages, trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew ; and whom he would he kept alive ; and whom he would he set up ; and whom he would he put down .

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KJV Study Commentary

Daniel describes the extent of Nebuchadnezzar's God-given authority: all peoples feared him; he had absolute power of life and death ('whom he would he slew, whom he would he kept alive, whom he would he set up, whom he would he put down'). This depicts complete sovereignty—the marks of ultimate earthly authority. Yet this power came as gift ('for the majesty that he gave him'), not inherent right...
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But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, he was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him: in pride: or, to deal proudly deposed: Cald. made to come down

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KJV Study Commentary

Daniel recounts Nebuchadnezzar's fall: 'But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, he was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him.' This traces the causal sequence: pride led to judgment. The 'heart lifted up' and 'mind hardened in pride' depict settled arrogance—not momentary lapse but ingrained attitude. The result was forcible removal ('deposed,' ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**34. break ... sherds--**So greedily shalt thou suck out every drop like one drinking to madness (the effect invariably ascribed to drinking God's cup of wrath, Jr 51:7; Ha 2:16) that thou shalt crunch the very shreds of it; that is, there shall be no evil left which thou shalt not taste. **pluck off thine own breasts--**enraged against them as the ministers to thine adultery.

And he was driven from the sons of men; and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses: they fed him with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; till he knew that the most high God ruled in the kingdom of men, and that he appointeth over it whomsoever he will. his heart: or, he made his heart equal, etc

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KJV Study Commentary

Daniel details Nebuchadnezzar's judgment: driven from human society, given beast's heart, dwelling with wild donkeys, eating grass like oxen, body wet with heaven's dew—'till he knew that the most high God ruled in the kingdom of men, and that he appointeth over it whomsoever he will.' This comprehensive humiliation had a specific purpose clause: 'till he knew'—the judgment was pedagogical, design...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **His dwelling** . . .—This is a fact supplementary to what is stated in Daniel 4.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**35. forgotten me--**the root of all sin (Jr 2:32; 13:25). **cast me behind thy back--**(1Ki 14:9; Ne 9:26). **bear ... thy lewdness--**that is, its penal consequences (Pr 1:31).

And thou his son, O Belshazzar, hast not humbled thine heart, though thou knewest all this;

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KJV Study Commentary

Daniel confronts Belshazzar: 'And thou his son, O Belshazzar, hast not humbled thine heart, though thou knewest all this.' The accusation isn't ignorance but willful pride despite knowledge. The phrase 'though thou knewest all this' refers to Nebuchadnezzar's humiliation (v. 18-21). Belshazzar had example and warning but chose pride anyway. The verb 'humbled' (Aramaic: shephel) means to abase or b...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **Though thou knewest.—**The whole history of Nebuchadnezzar was known to Belshazzar. He had not, however, learned the moral lesson conveyed by it. He was therefore doubly guilty in the sight of God, because his blasphemy was wilful.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

36-44. A summing up of the sins of the two sisters, especially those of Judah. **wilt thou judge--**Wilt thou (not) judge (see on Eze 20:4)?

But hast lifted up thyself against the Lord of heaven; and they have brought the vessels of his house before thee, and thou, and thy lords, thy wives, and thy concubines, have drunk wine in them; and thou hast praised the gods of silver, and gold, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, which see not, nor hear, nor know: and the God in whose hand thy breath is, and whose are all thy ways, hast thou not glorified:

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KJV Study Commentary

Daniel specifies the sacrilege: 'But hast lifted up thyself against the Lord of heaven; and they have brought the vessels of his house before thee...and thou hast praised the gods of silver, and gold, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, which see not, nor hear, nor know: and the God in whose hand thy breath is, and whose are all thy ways, hast thou not glorified.' The indictment contrasts Belshazzar'...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) **Gods of silver** . . .—Comp. Deuteronomy 4:28. Belshazzar had exceeded those limits of authority over Israel which he had by right of conquest. The Israelites were, indeed, his subjects, but he had no right to blaspheme their God. For similar instances of men exceeding the limits of their authority while acting as ministers of God’s chastisement, see Isaiah 10:5-18; Jeremiah 51:20-25; Hosea...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

36-44. A summing up of the sins of the two sisters, especially those of Judah. **wilt thou judge--**Wilt thou (not) judge (see on Eze 20:4)?

Then was the part of the hand sent from him; and this writing was written.

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KJV Study Commentary

After indicting Belshazzar for failing to humble his heart despite knowing Nebuchadnezzar's example, and for profaning temple vessels while praising idols, Daniel announces God's response: 'Then was the part of the hand sent from him; and this writing was written.' The 'then' indicates direct causation—the sacrilege triggered immediate divine intervention. The 'part of the hand'—just fingers, no a...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **Then.—**Not only “at that time,” but also “because of this.” Daniel here expressly designates the writing as something proceeding from God.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

36-44. A summing up of the sins of the two sisters, especially those of Judah. **wilt thou judge--**Wilt thou (not) judge (see on Eze 20:4)?

And this is the writing that was written, MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN.

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KJV Study Commentary

Daniel reads the mysterious writing: 'MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN.' These Aramaic words are monetary/weight units: MENE (mina, numbered), TEKEL (shekel, weighed), UPHARSIN (and half-shekels/divided). The wordplay is brilliant—common commercial terms carrying ominous double meaning. The repetition of MENE emphasizes certainty and completion. Written without vowels (as in ancient script), these word...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **Mene** . . .—It should be remarked that the word *Mene,* which occurs twice in the inscription, is found only once in the interpretation, and that the “Medes” who are mentioned in the interpretation are not spoken of in the inscription. Hence it has been conjectured that the second *Mene* was originally *Madai,* or Media. This, though it appears plausible, has no external support. The word ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

36-44. A summing up of the sins of the two sisters, especially those of Judah. **wilt thou judge--**Wilt thou (not) judge (see on Eze 20:4)?

This is the interpretation of the thing: MENE; God hath numbered thy kingdom, and finished it.

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KJV Study Commentary

Daniel interprets MENE: 'God hath numbered thy kingdom, and finished it.' The verb 'numbered' (Aramaic: menah) means God has calculated, assessed, and completed Belshazzar's allotted time. The paired verbs 'numbered and finished' emphasize both divine sovereignty (God sets the limit) and completed fulfillment (time is up). God doesn't arbitrarily end the kingdom—He counts out the predetermined tim...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

36-44. A summing up of the sins of the two sisters, especially those of Judah. **wilt thou judge--**Wilt thou (not) judge (see on Eze 20:4)?

TEKEL; Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>TEKEL; Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting</strong> (תְּקֵל תְּקִלְתָּה בְמֹאזַנְיָא וְהִשְׁתְּכַחַתְּ חַסִּיר)—The second word of the mysterious handwriting declares Belshazzar's moral bankruptcy. <em>Tekel</em> (תְּקֵל) means "weighed," from the verb <em>teqal</em> meaning "to weigh" or "measure." The metaphor of divine scales weighing human deeds appears throughout S...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

36-44. A summing up of the sins of the two sisters, especially those of Judah. **wilt thou judge--**Wilt thou (not) judge (see on Eze 20:4)?

PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.

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KJV Study Commentary

Daniel interprets PERES (singular of UPHARSIN): 'Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.' The wordplay on PERES is brilliant—the root means both 'divided' and contains consonants of 'Persia' (Paras). God pronounces judgment while naming the executors. The passive voice 'is given' indicates divine agency—God actively transfers the kingdom. The specific identification of 'Medes ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

36-44. A summing up of the sins of the two sisters, especially those of Judah. **wilt thou judge--**Wilt thou (not) judge (see on Eze 20:4)?

Then commanded Belshazzar, and they clothed Daniel with scarlet, and put a chain of gold about his neck, and made a proclamation concerning him, that he should be the third ruler in the kingdom.

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KJV Study Commentary

Despite Daniel's stinging rebuke and pronouncement of doom, Belshazzar fulfills his promise: clothing Daniel in scarlet, putting gold chain around his neck, and proclaiming him third ruler. This shows the king's character—he keeps his word regarding rewards while ignoring the spiritual message. Perhaps he hoped honoring the prophet might avert judgment; perhaps he was simply following through mech...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

36-44. A summing up of the sins of the two sisters, especially those of Judah. **wilt thou judge--**Wilt thou (not) judge (see on Eze 20:4)?

In that night was Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans slain.

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KJV Study Commentary

Judgment strikes immediately: 'In that night was Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans slain.' The timing 'in that night'—the same night as the feast and writing—emphasizes immediate fulfillment. No delay, no opportunity for repentance (unlike Nebuchadnezzar who had twelve months, 4:29). Belshazzar's death represents the kingdom's end. The verse's brevity mirrors the judgment's swiftness—one moment...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

36-44. A summing up of the sins of the two sisters, especially those of Judah. **wilt thou judge--**Wilt thou (not) judge (see on Eze 20:4)?

And Darius the Median took the kingdom, being about threescore and two years old. being: Cald. he as the son of, etc about: or, now

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KJV Study Commentary

The chapter concludes with stark simplicity: 'And Darius the Median took the kingdom, being about threescore and two years old.' This verse fulfills the interpretation's final element—'thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians' (v.28). The overnight transition from Babylonian to Medio-Persian control demonstrates prophecy's accuracy and God's sovereign control over kingdoms. Baby...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(31) **Darius the Median.—**Note the LXX. variation: “And Artaxerxes of the Medes took the kingdom, and Darius, full of days and glorious in old age.” (See *Excursus D.*) **Took**—*i.e.,* received it from the hands of a conqueror. (Comp. Daniel 9:1, where Darius is said to have been “made king over the realm of the Chaldeans.”) **EXCURSUS D: DARIUS THE MEDE (Daniel 5:31).** It appears from the acc...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**45. the righteous men--**the Chaldeans; the executioners of God's righteous vengeance (Eze 16:38), not that they were "righteous" in themselves (Ha 1:3, 12, 13).

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