King James Version

What Does Daniel 5:4 Mean?

Daniel 5:4 in the King James Version says “They drank wine, and praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone. — study this verse from Daniel chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

They drank wine, and praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone.

Daniel 5:4 · KJV


Context

2

Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem; that the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein. father: or, grandfather taken: Cald. brought forth

3

Then they brought the golden vessels that were taken out of the temple of the house of God which was at Jerusalem; and the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, drank in them.

4

They drank wine, and praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone.

5

In the same hour came forth fingers of a man's hand, and wrote over against the candlestick upon the plaister of the wall of the king's palace: and the king saw the part of the hand that wrote.

6

Then the king's countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled him, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees smote one against another. countenance: Cald. brightnesses was changed: Cald. changed it joints: or, girdles: Cald. bindings, or, knots


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
While drinking from Jerusalem's holy vessels, the revelers 'praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone.' This catalog of materials emphasizes idolatry's absurdity: worshiping man-made objects rather than the living God. The comprehensive list (six materials) suggests Babylon's pantheon—multiple idols made from various substances, all inanimate, all impotent. The juxtaposition is stark: vessels consecrated to the living God are used to honor dead idols. This reversal—treating holy things as profane while treating profane things as holy—epitomizes covenant rebellion. The act combines multiple sins: idolatry, sacrilege, pride, and drunkenness. It represents the fullness of ungodliness provoking immediate divine judgment. Within moments, the handwriting appears (v.5), bringing terror and doom. This teaches that God tolerates much, but certain provocations—particularly direct mockery of His holiness combined with idolatrous worship—trigger swift response.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Babylon's polytheism worshiped multiple deities: Marduk (chief god), Nebo (god of wisdom), Ishtar (goddess of war and love), and numerous others. Archaeological discoveries reveal elaborate cult statues made from precious metals, brass, iron, wood overlaid with gold, and carved stone. These idols received daily offerings, ritual washings, and ceremonial processions. The feast's participants praised these inanimate objects while drinking from vessels consecrated to Yahweh—the ultimate irony. Ancient paganism believed gods inhabited their images; biblical faith affirmed one transcendent God who cannot be represented materially (Exodus 20:4-5). The contrast between living God and dead idols is prophetically mocked in Isaiah 44:9-20 and Psalm 115:4-8. Belshazzar's feast validated these critiques: while praising impotent idols, the living God wrote judgment on the wall.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the catalog of idol materials (gold, silver, brass, iron, wood, stone) emphasize idolatry's absurdity?
  2. What modern 'gods' do people worship despite their obvious impotence and man-made nature?
  3. Why is combining sacrilege with idolatry particularly provocative to God?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
אִשְׁתִּ֖יו1 of 10

They drank

H8355

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

חַמְרָ֑א2 of 10

wine

H2562

wine

וְ֠שַׁבַּחוּ3 of 10

and praised

H7624

to adulate, i.e., adore

לֵֽאלָהֵ֞י4 of 10

the gods

H426

god

דַּהֲבָ֧א5 of 10

of gold

H1722

gold

וְכַסְפָּ֛א6 of 10

and of silver

H3702

silver money

נְחָשָׁ֥א7 of 10

of brass

H5174

copper

פַרְזְלָ֖א8 of 10

of iron

H6523

iron

אָעָ֥א9 of 10

of wood

H636

a tree or wood

וְאַבְנָֽא׃10 of 10

and of stone

H69

a stone


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Daniel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Daniel 5:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Daniel 5:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study