King James Version
1 Chronicles 1
54 verses with commentary
From Adam to Abraham
Adam, Sheth, Enosh,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(1) **Adam** (*man*) is here treated as a proper name; in Genesis 5:1-5 it is an appellative.
The Chaldeans also had a tradition of ten antediluvian patriarchs or kings, beginning with Alorus and ending with Xisuthrus (Hasis-Adra), the hero of the Flood. They made the duration of this first period of human history 432,000 years. Remembering that Abraham, the Hebrew, was from “Ur (Uru, the city) of...
Read full commentary →Kenan, Mahalaleel, Jered,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Kenan, Mahalaleel, Jered</strong>—these patriarchs bridge Adam to Noah in the godly line (Genesis 5). The Hebrew name קֵינָן (<em>Qenan</em>) means 'possession' or 'acquisition,' while מַהֲלַלְאֵל (<em>Mahalalel</em>) means 'praise of God,' and יֶרֶד (<em>Yered</em>) means 'descent.' The Chronicler omits Cain's line entirely, focusing only on the lineage through which Messiah would come.<b...
Read full commentary →Henoch, Methuselah, Lamech,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(4) **Shem, Ham, and Japheth.**—There is no doubt that Ham means black, or sunburnt, and Japheth (Heb., *Yepheth*) is probably the fair-skinned. Shem has been compared with an Assyrian word meaning brownish (*sa’mu*)*.* Thus the three names appear to allude to differences of racial complexion.
1Chronicles 1:5-23 are an abridgment of Genesis 10. The proper names represent, not persons, but peoples ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**19-20. they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem--**Amaziah's apostasy (2Ch 25:27) was followed by a general maladministration, especially the disastrous issue of the war with Israel. The ruinous condition of Jerusalem, the plunder of the temple, and the loss of their children who were taken as hostages [2Ki 14:13, 14], lost him the respect and attachment not of the grandees only, but of h...
Read full commentary →The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
**THE SONS OF JAPHETH THE FAIR**—(1Chronicles 1:5-7).
The Oriental theory of political and even social communities refers each to a common ancestor. The Israelites are known as “sons of Israel,” the Ammonites as “sons of Ammon” (Authorised version, “children”). In the same way, an Arab tribe is called. the “Bêni Hassan” (sons of Hassan), and Assurbanipal styles his subjects “sons of Asshur.” Somet...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**19-20. they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem--**Amaziah's apostasy (2Ch 25:27) was followed by a general maladministration, especially the disastrous issue of the war with Israel. The ruinous condition of Jerusalem, the plunder of the temple, and the loss of their children who were taken as hostages [2Ki 14:13, 14], lost him the respect and attachment not of the grandees only, but of h...
Read full commentary →And the sons of Gomer; Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. Riphath: or, Diphath as it is in some copies
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**21. all the people of Judah took Azariah--**or Uzziah (2Ki 15:30; 2Ch 26:1). The popular opposition had been personally directed against Amaziah as the author of their calamities, but it was not extended to his family or heir.
And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. Dodanim: or, Rodanim, according to some copies
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**22. He built Elath--**fortified that seaport. It had revolted with the rest of Edom, but was now recovered by Uzziah. His father, who did not complete the conquest of Edom, had left him that work to do.
2Ki 14:23-29. Jeroboam's Wicked Reign over Israel.
The sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
**THE SONS OF HAM, THE DARK-SKINNED OR SWARTHY** (1Chronicles 1:8-16).
(8) **Cush.**—The Greek Meroë, Assyrian Miluhha, or Kûsu, south of Egypt, in our Bibles often called Ethiopia (Isaiah 19:1). The Arabic gives *Habesh, i.e.,* Ethiopia.
**Mizraim.**—The common Hebrew name of Egypt: strictly, “the two Miçrs”—*i.e.*, Upper and Lower Egypt. But the name should rather be spelt Mizrim—the Egyptians; ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**23. Jeroboam, the son of Joash king of Israel--**This was Jeroboam II who, on regaining the lost territory, raised the kingdom to great political power (2Ki 14:25), but adhered to the favorite religious policy of the Israelitish sovereigns (2Ki 14:24). While God granted him so great a measure of national prosperity and eminence, the reason is expressly stated (2Ki 14:26, 27) to be that the purpo...
Read full commentary →And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabta, and Raamah, and Sabtecha. And the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be mighty upon the earth.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (of whom came the Philistines,) and Caphthorim.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Of whom came the Philistines</strong> (מִמֶּנּוּ יָצְאוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים)—this parenthetical note identifies the Casluhim as progenitors of Israel's perpetual enemies. The Philistines, Sea Peoples who invaded Canaan c. 1200 BC, descended from Ham through Mizraim (Egypt), establishing five city-states: Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath.<br><br>The Chronicler's inclusion serves theological pu...
Read full commentary →And Canaan begat Zidon his firstborn, and Heth,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
**THE CITY ZIDON AND THE TEN RACES OF CANAAN** (1Chronicles 1:13-16).
(13) **Canaan begat Zidon his firstborn.**—Or, in modern phrase, *Zidon is the oldest city of Canaan.* It is usually mentioned along with Tyre, the ruling city in later times. Sennacherib speaks of the flight of Lulî, “king of Zidon,” from Tyre. Esarhaddon mentions Baal of Tyre as a tributary. Of the eleven “sons of Canaan all b...
Read full commentary →The Jebusite also, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
CHAPTER 15
2Ki 15:1-7. Azariah's Reign over Judah.
**1-7. In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam--**It is thought that the throne of Judah continued vacant eleven or twelve years, between the death of Amaziah and the inauguration of his son Azariah. Being a child only four years old when his father was murdered, a regency was appointed during Azariah's minority.
**began Azariah ... to re...
Read full commentary →The sons of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram, and Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Meshech. Meshech: or, Mash
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
**THE SONS OF SHEM, OR THE SEMITES **(1Chronicles 1:17-23).
(17) **Blam.**—The Elamtum of the Assyrian inscription, the classic Susiana, a mountainous land eastward of Babylonia, to which it was subject in the days of Abraham (Genesis 14). The names Assurû, Elamû, Kassû, and Accadû occur together in an old Assyrian list of nations. Êlama, from which the Assyrian and Hebrew names are derived, is Ac...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
CHAPTER 15
2Ki 15:1-7. Azariah's Reign over Judah.
**1-7. In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam--**It is thought that the throne of Judah continued vacant eleven or twelve years, between the death of Amaziah and the inauguration of his son Azariah. Being a child only four years old when his father was murdered, a regency was appointed during Azariah's minority.
**began Azariah ... to re...
Read full commentary →And Arphaxad begat Shelah, and Shelah begat Eber.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
CHAPTER 15
2Ki 15:1-7. Azariah's Reign over Judah.
**1-7. In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam--**It is thought that the throne of Judah continued vacant eleven or twelve years, between the death of Amaziah and the inauguration of his son Azariah. Being a child only four years old when his father was murdered, a regency was appointed during Azariah's minority.
**began Azariah ... to re...
Read full commentary →And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of the one was Peleg; because in his days the earth was divided: and his brother's name was Joktan. Peleg: that is, division
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
CHAPTER 15
2Ki 15:1-7. Azariah's Reign over Judah.
**1-7. In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam--**It is thought that the throne of Judah continued vacant eleven or twelve years, between the death of Amaziah and the inauguration of his son Azariah. Being a child only four years old when his father was murdered, a regency was appointed during Azariah's minority.
**began Azariah ... to re...
Read full commentary →And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
CHAPTER 15
2Ki 15:1-7. Azariah's Reign over Judah.
**1-7. In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam--**It is thought that the throne of Judah continued vacant eleven or twelve years, between the death of Amaziah and the inauguration of his son Azariah. Being a child only four years old when his father was murdered, a regency was appointed during Azariah's minority.
**began Azariah ... to re...
Read full commentary →Hadoram also, and Uzal, and Diklah,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
CHAPTER 15
2Ki 15:1-7. Azariah's Reign over Judah.
**1-7. In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam--**It is thought that the throne of Judah continued vacant eleven or twelve years, between the death of Amaziah and the inauguration of his son Azariah. Being a child only four years old when his father was murdered, a regency was appointed during Azariah's minority.
**began Azariah ... to re...
Read full commentary →And Ebal, and Abimael, and Sheba,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Ebal, and Abimael, and Sheba</strong>—these sons of Joktan represent Arabian tribal founders descended from Shem. The Hebrew עוֹבָל (<em>Obal</em>/Ebal) possibly means 'bare' or 'stripped,' while אֲבִימָאֵל (<em>Abimael</em>) means 'my father is God,' and שְׁבָא (<em>Sheba</em>) denotes 'seven' or 'oath.'<br><br>Sheba particularly matters: this Arabian kingdom (modern Yemen) produced the Q...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
CHAPTER 15
2Ki 15:1-7. Azariah's Reign over Judah.
**1-7. In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam--**It is thought that the throne of Judah continued vacant eleven or twelve years, between the death of Amaziah and the inauguration of his son Azariah. Being a child only four years old when his father was murdered, a regency was appointed during Azariah's minority.
**began Azariah ... to re...
Read full commentary →And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab. All these were the sons of Joktan.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**8-10. In the thirty and eighth year of Azariah king of Judah did Zechariah the son of Jeroboam reign over Israel--**There was an interregnum from some unknown cause between the reign of Jeroboam and the accession of his son, which lasted, according to some, for ten or twelve years, according to others, for twenty-two years, or more. This prince pursued the religious policy of the calf-worship, a...
Read full commentary →Shem, Arphaxad, Shelah,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
**TEN GENERATIONS FROM SHEM TO ABRAHAM; AN ABSTRACT** **OF** Genesis 11:10-26, **OMITTING ALL HISTORIC NOTICES** (1Chronicles 1:24-27).
Between Arphaxad aud Shelah the LXX., at Genesis 11:12, insert Καίναν = Heb. *Kênan* (1Chronicles 1:2, above). The name is not contained in our present Hebrew text of Genesis. Kenan may have been dropped originally, in order to make Abraham the tenth from Shem, as...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**8-10. In the thirty and eighth year of Azariah king of Judah did Zechariah the son of Jeroboam reign over Israel--**There was an interregnum from some unknown cause between the reign of Jeroboam and the accession of his son, which lasted, according to some, for ten or twelve years, according to others, for twenty-two years, or more. This prince pursued the religious policy of the calf-worship, a...
Read full commentary →Eber, Peleg, Reu,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**8-10. In the thirty and eighth year of Azariah king of Judah did Zechariah the son of Jeroboam reign over Israel--**There was an interregnum from some unknown cause between the reign of Jeroboam and the accession of his son, which lasted, according to some, for ten or twelve years, according to others, for twenty-two years, or more. This prince pursued the religious policy of the calf-worship, a...
Read full commentary →Serug, Nahor, Terah,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Abram; the same is Abraham.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →The Family of Abraham
The sons of Abraham; Isaac, and Ishmael.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**13-17. Shallum ... reigned a full month--**He was opposed and slain by Menahem, who, according to Josephus, was commander of the forces, which, on the report of the king's murder, were besieging Tirzah, a town twelve miles east of Samaria, and formerly a seat of the kings of Israel. Raising the siege, he marched directly against the usurper, slew him, and reigned in his stead.
These are their generations: The firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth; then Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(29) **These are their generations.**—Or, *their genealogy* or *register of births.* Before a personal name the term *Tôldôth* denotes the “births,” *i.e.,* the *posterity* of the man, and the *history* of him and his descendants. Before the name of a thing *Tôldôth* signifies *origin, beginnings* (Genesis 2:4). The Hebrew expression *sēfer tôldôth* answers to the βίβλος γενέσως of Matthew 1:1. Th...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**13-17. Shallum ... reigned a full month--**He was opposed and slain by Menahem, who, according to Josephus, was commander of the forces, which, on the report of the king's murder, were besieging Tirzah, a town twelve miles east of Samaria, and formerly a seat of the kings of Israel. Raising the siege, he marched directly against the usurper, slew him, and reigned in his stead.
Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(30) **Dumah.**—Isaiah 21:11, as a name of Edom. There is still a locality bearing this name, “Duma the Rocky,” on the borders of the Syrian desert and Arabia.
**Hadad.**—The right reading here and in Genesis.
**Tema.**—*Taimâ’u,* in the north of the Arabian desert. The LXX. confuses it with Teman. (Assyr. *Têmâl’a*)*.*
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**13-17. Shallum ... reigned a full month--**He was opposed and slain by Menahem, who, according to Josephus, was commander of the forces, which, on the report of the king's murder, were besieging Tirzah, a town twelve miles east of Samaria, and formerly a seat of the kings of Israel. Raising the siege, he marched directly against the usurper, slew him, and reigned in his stead.
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(31) **Jetur.**—The Itureans beyond Jordan (Luke 3:1). The other names are obscure.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**13-17. Shallum ... reigned a full month--**He was opposed and slain by Menahem, who, according to Josephus, was commander of the forces, which, on the report of the king's murder, were besieging Tirzah, a town twelve miles east of Samaria, and formerly a seat of the kings of Israel. Raising the siege, he marched directly against the usurper, slew him, and reigned in his stead.
Now the sons of Keturah, Abraham's concubine: she bare Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. And the sons of Jokshan; Sheba, and Dedan.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>The sons of Keturah, Abraham's concubine</strong> (בְּנֵי קְטוּרָה פִּילֶגֶשׁ אַבְרָהָם)—after Sarah's death, Abraham married קְטוּרָה (<em>Qeturah</em>, 'incense' or 'fragrance'), producing six sons including Midian. Though legitimate sons, Genesis 25:6 specifies Abraham gave them gifts and sent them eastward, reserving Isaac's inheritance. Midian's descendants became the Midianites, both...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(32) **The sons of Keturah.**—An extract from Genesis 25:1-4.
**Medan** is very likely a mere repetition of Midian, due to a mistake of some ancient copyist. Genesis 25:3 adds, “And the sons of Dedan were Asshuriin, and Letushim, and Leummim;” which is, perhaps, an interpolation, as the three names are of a different form from the others in the section; and the chronicler would hardly have omitted...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**13-17. Shallum ... reigned a full month--**He was opposed and slain by Menahem, who, according to Josephus, was commander of the forces, which, on the report of the king's murder, were besieging Tirzah, a town twelve miles east of Samaria, and formerly a seat of the kings of Israel. Raising the siege, he marched directly against the usurper, slew him, and reigned in his stead.
And the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Henoch, and Abida, and Eldaah. All these are the sons of Keturah.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(33) The five clans or tribes of Midian. These, with the seven names of 1Chronicles 1:31, make a total of twelve tribes for Keturah.
**Ephah.**—Called *Hâ’âpâ,* or *Hayâpa* by Tiglath-pileser.
And Abraham begat Isaac. The sons of Isaac; Esau and Israel.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(34) **Abraham begat Isaac.**—From Genesis 25:19.
**Esau and Israel.**—Esau is named first, not as the elder, but because the tribes of Esau are to be first enumerated. (Comp. Note above on 1Chronicles 1:28-42.)
**Israel.**—The more honourable appellation (Genesis 32:28) almost wholly supplanted Jacob as the name of the chosen people, except in poetry and prophecy. Some moderns have seen in such d...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**19. Pul the king of Assyria--**This is the first Assyrian king after Nimrod who is mentioned in biblical history. His name has been recently identified with that of Phalluka on the monuments of Nineveh, and that of Menahem discovered also.
**came against the land--**Elsewhere it is said "Ephraim [Israel] went to the Assyrian" [Ho 5:13]. The two statements may be reconciled thus: "Pul, of his o...
Read full commentary →The sons of Esau; Eliphaz, Reuel, and Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(35-42) The tribes of Esau and Seir, extracted from Genesis 36
(35-37) **The sons of Esau.**—Comp. Genesis 36:9-13. In 1Chronicles 1:36 the name of Timna occurs under the general heading, “Sons of Eliphaz.” According to Genesis 36:12, Timna was a secondary wife of Eliphaz, and mother of Amalek. Strange as this difference may at first sight appear, it is in fact absolutely unimportant. The writer’s...
Read full commentary →The sons of Eliphaz; Teman, and Omar, Zephi, and Gatam, Kenaz, and Timna, and Amalek. Zephi: or, Zepho
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →The sons of Reuel; Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →And the sons of Seir; Lotan, and Shobal, and Zibeon, and Anah, and Dishon, and Ezer, and Dishan.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(38-42) **The sons of Seir** (from Genesis 36:20-30).—There is no apparent link between this series and the preceding. Comparison of Genesis 36:20 shows that Seir represents the indigenous inhabitants of Edom (“the inhabitants of the land,” comp. Joshua 7:9) before its conquest by the sons of Esau. In time a fusion of the two races would result, the tribes of each being governed by their own chief...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**23. Pekahiah ... son of Menahem began to reign--**On comparing the date given with Azariah's reign, it seems that several months had intervened between the death of Menahem and the accession of Pekahiah, probably owing to a contest about the throne.
And the sons of Lotan; Hori, and Homam: and Timna was Lotan's sister. Homam: or, Hemam
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(39) **And Timna was Lotan’s** **sister.**—This appears to mean that the tribe settled in the town of Timna was akin to the sons of Lotan, but not **a** subdivision of that tribe. Towns are feminine in Hebrew, and are sometimes called *mothers* (2Samuel 20:19), sometimes *daughters.*
The sons of Shobal; Alian, and Manahath, and Ebal, Shephi, and Onam. And the sons of Zibeon; Aiah, and Anah.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**25. with Argob and Arieh, &c.--**Many commentators view these as the captain's accomplices. But it is more probable that they were influential friends of the king, who were murdered along with him.
2Ki 15:27-31. Pekah's Reign.
The sons of Anah; Dishon. And the sons of Dishon; Amram, and Eshban, and Ithran, and Cheran. Amram: or, Hemdan
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(41) **The sons of Anah; Dishon.**—Genesis 36:25 adds, “and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah.” (Comp. 1Chronicles 1:52, “the chiliarch of Aholibamah.”) Dishon, like Ammon or Israel, being the collective name of a number of tribes or clans, there is nothing strange in the expression, “The sons of Anah; Dishon.”
The sons of Ezer; Bilhan, and Zavan, and Jakan. The sons of Dishan; Uz, and Aran. Jakan: or, Akan
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>The sons of Ezer; Bilhan, and Zavan, and Jakan</strong>—these Horite/Hurrian clans descended from Seir the Edomite (Genesis 36:27). The בִּלְהָן (<em>Bilhan</em>) and זַעֲוָן (<em>Zaavan</em>) families inhabited Edom before Esau's descendants displaced them. The Horites were indigenous cave-dwellers (חֹרִי from חוֹר, 'hole' or 'cave') in Mount Seir's rugged terrain.<br><br>The Chronicler's...
Read full commentary →The Kings of Edom
Now these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the children of Israel; Bela the son of Beor: and the name of his city was Dinhabah.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(43-54) The ancient kings and chiliarchs of Edom, a transcript of Genesis 36:31-43, with only such differences as are incidental to transcribing.
(43) **Before any king reigned over the children of Israel.**—Comp. Numbers 20:14-21, the message of Moses to the king of Edom, asking for a free passage for Israel through his domains. As the older people, and as having been earlier established in its p...
Read full commentary →And when Bela was dead, Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(44*, *45) **Bozrah.**—“Portress” (the *Byrsa* of Carthage); was one of the capitals of Edom, perhaps identical with Mibzar (fortress, 1Chronicles 1:53). Eusebius mentions Mabsara as a large town in Gebalene. It is now represented by the ruins of *Al-Bussireh* in *Jebal.* See Amos 1:12, “I will send a fire upon Teman, which shall devour the palaces of Bozrah;” and Isaiah 34:6.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**29. in the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglath-pileser--**This monarch, who succeeded Pul on the throne of Assyria, is the only one of all the kings who does not give his genealogy, and is therefore supposed to have been an usurper. His annals have been discovered in the Nimroud mound, describing this expedition into Syria. The places taken are here mentioned as they occurred and were conq...
Read full commentary →And when Jobab was dead, Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**30. Hoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy ... and slew him--**He did not, however, obtain possession of the kingdom till about nine or ten years after the perpetration of this crime [Hales].
**in the twentieth year of Jotham--**Jotham's reign lasted only sixteen years, but the meaning is that the reign of Hoshea began in the twentieth after the beginning of Jotham's reign. The sacred histor...
Read full commentary →And when Husham was dead, Hadad the son of Bedad, which smote Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Avith.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(46) **Hadad.**—The name of a Syrian deity, a form of the sun-god. (Comp. the royal titles, Ben-hadad and Hadadezer, 1Chronicles 18:3, and the Note on 2Kings 5:18.) Hadad is the same as Dadi, a Syrian title of Rimmon. Perhaps the classical Attis is equivalent to Dadis. The cry of the vintagers (*hēdād*) seems to show that Hadad, like Bacchus, was regarded as the giver of the grapes (Isaiah 16:9-10...
Read full commentary →And when Hadad was dead, Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(47) **Masrekah **means *place of Sorek* *vines.*
And when Samlah was dead, Shaul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(48) **Shaul.**—*Saul,* the name of the first king of Israel.
**Rehoboth** **by the** **river.**—Probably the same as Rehoboth Ir in Genesis 10:11, *i.e.,* the suburbs of Nineveh. The river is Euphrates.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**33. Five and twenty years was he when he began to reign--**that is, alone--for he had ruled as his father's viceroy [2Ki 15:5].
And when Shaul was dead, Baalhanan the son of Achbor reigned in his stead.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(49) **Baal-hanan.**—*Baal bestowed.* (Comp. “Johanan,” *Iahweh bestowed;* and “Hananiah,” and “Hannibal.”) This name and that of Hadad indicate the polytheism of ancient Edom.
And when Baalhanan was dead, Hadad reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pai; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. Hadad: or, Hadar Pai: or, Pau
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(50) **Baal-hanan.**—Some MSS. have “ben Achbor,” as in Genesis 36:39; so in 1Chronicles 1:51. “Alvah,” of Genesis, is more correct than our “Aliah.” The Hebrew margin reads “Alvah” (Alwah).
**Pai.**—Many MSS. have “Pau,” the reading of Gen., which is right. *Hadar* (Genesis 36:39), on the other hand, is probably a mistake for Hadad.
**Mehetabel.**—*El benefiteth.* Perhaps Mehetabel was an Israeli...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**35. the higher gate of the house of the Lord--**not the temple itself, but one of its courts; probably that which led into the palace (2Ch 23:20).
Hadad died also. And the dukes of Edom were; duke Timnah, duke Aliah, duke Jetheth,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(51) **Hadad died also.**—Rather, *And Hadad died, and there were* (or *arose*)* chiliarchs of Edom, the chiliarch of Timnah, the chiliarch of Aliah,* &c. This appears to state that Hadad was the last king of Edom, and that after his death the country was governed by the heads of the various clans or tribes, without any central authority. In Genesis 36:40, the sentence, “And Hadad died,” is wantin...
Read full commentary →Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon</strong> (אַלּוּף אָהֳלִיבָמָה אַלּוּף אֵילָה אַלּוּף פִּינֹן)—אַלּוּף (<em>alluph</em>) means 'chieftain' or 'clan leader,' rendered 'duke' in KJV. These Edomite tribal chiefs ruled regions rather than centralized kingdoms. Aholibamah (אָהֳלִיבָמָה, 'tent of the high place') suggests religious significance, while Elah (אֵילָה) means 'terebinth tree' ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**37. the Lord began to send against Judah Rezin the king of Syria, &c.--**This is the first intimation of the hostile feelings of the kings of Israel and Syria, to Judah, which led them to form an alliance and make joint preparations for war. [See on 2Ch 27:5.] However, war was not actually waged till the reign of Ahaz.
Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar,
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Duke Magdiel, duke Iram. These are the dukes of Edom.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Genealogical Significance:</strong> This verse appears within the Primeval and patriarchal genealogies section of Chronicles' genealogical framework. The Hebrew term <em>תּוֹלְדוֹת (toledot) - generations</em> is central to understanding this passage's purpose. The Chronicler, writing to post-exilic Israel (c. 450-400 BCE), uses these genealogies not merely as historical records but as the...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(54) **These are the dukes **(chiliarchs) **of Edom.**—Eleven names only are given, whereas there were twelve (or thirteen) chiliarchs of Edom (Genesis 36:15-19; see Note on 1Chronicles 1:35-37). A name may have fallen out of the ancient text from which the chronicler derived the list.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
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