King James Version

What Does Psalms 79:12 Mean?

Psalms 79:12 in the King James Version says “And render unto our neighbours sevenfold into their bosom their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 79 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And render unto our neighbours sevenfold into their bosom their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord.

Psalms 79:12 · KJV


Context

10

Wherefore should the heathen say, Where is their God? let him be known among the heathen in our sight by the revenging of the blood of thy servants which is shed. revenging: Heb. vengeance

11

Let the sighing of the prisoner come before thee; according to the greatness of thy power preserve thou those that are appointed to die; thy: Heb. thine arm preserve: Heb. reserve the children of death

12

And render unto our neighbours sevenfold into their bosom their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord.

13

So we thy people and sheep of thy pasture will give thee thanks for ever: we will shew forth thy praise to all generations. to all: Heb. to generation and generation


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And render unto our neighbours sevenfold into their bosom their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord. This concluding imprecatory prayer requests comprehensive justice. "Render...sevenfold" (hashev shiv'atayim, הָשֵׁב שִׁבְעָתַיִם) uses intensified language—not merely equivalent punishment but multiplied return. "Sevenfold" represents completeness in Hebrew numerology (Genesis 4:15, Leviticus 26:28, Proverbs 6:31), suggesting thorough, exhaustive justice. "Into their bosom" (el-chuqam, אֶל־חֵיקָם) means directly into their lap or embrace—inescapable, personal reception of deserved consequences.

The crucial phrase "their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee" (cherpotam asher cherefu-kha, חֶרְפָּתָם אֲשֶׁר חֵרְפוּךָ) clarifies the true offense: the neighbors haven't merely insulted Israel but insulted Yahweh Himself. By mocking Israel's weakness, they mock Israel's God. This transforms the prayer from personal vengeance to theological vindication. The ultimate crime isn't violence against people but blasphemy against God. This echoes 2 Kings 19:22 where Sennacherib's mockery of Jerusalem is defined as reproaching the Holy One of Israel.

The direct address "O Lord" (אֲדֹנָי, Adonai) emphasizes sovereignty—You are Master, and these nations have insulted their rightful sovereign. The prayer concludes by resting the case before divine judgment: act consistently with Your character as covenant Lord who defends Your name and avenges Your people's innocent blood. The imprecatory conclusion asserts faith that God will indeed execute justice, even if delayed.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Sevenfold vengeance appears in Genesis 4:15 (God's protection of Cain) and Leviticus 26:28 (covenant curses for disobedience). The concept reflects ancient Near Eastern justice principles of proportional punishment, intensified for particularly heinous crimes. The nations' reproach of Yahweh through Israel's humiliation invited divine response. Later prophetic literature (Jeremiah 50-51; Isaiah 13, 47) pronounces extensive judgment against Babylon, fulfilling prayers like Psalm 79:12. The principle continues into Revelation 18:6: "Reward [Babylon] even as she rewarded you, and double unto her double."

Reflection Questions

  1. How should Christians today understand imprecatory psalms in light of Jesus's teaching to love enemies?
  2. What is the proper relationship between praying for justice and exercising personal forgiveness toward those who wrong us?
  3. How does recognizing that crimes against God's people are ultimately crimes against God Himself affect how we pray about persecution?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
וְהָ֘שֵׁ֤ב1 of 9

And render

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

לִשְׁכֵנֵ֣ינוּ2 of 9

unto our neighbours

H7934

a resident; by extension, a fellow-citizen

שִׁ֭בְעָתַיִם3 of 9

sevenfold

H7659

seven-times

אֶל4 of 9
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

חֵיקָ֑ם5 of 9

into their bosom

H2436

the bosom (literally or figuratively)

חֶרְפָּ֘תָ֤ם6 of 9

their reproach

H2781

contumely, disgrace, the pudenda

אֲשֶׁ֖ר7 of 9
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

חֵרְפ֣וּךָ8 of 9

wherewith they have reproached

H2778

to pull off, i.e., (by implication) to expose (as by stripping); specifically, to betroth (as if a surrender); figuratively, to carp at, i.e., defame;

אֲדֹנָֽי׃9 of 9

thee O Lord

H136

the lord (used as a proper name of god only)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 79:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 79:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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