King James Version

What Does Psalms 78:21 Mean?

Psalms 78:21 in the King James Version says “Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel... — study this verse from Psalms chapter 78 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel;

Psalms 78:21 · KJV


Context

19

Yea, they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness? furnish: Heb. order

20

Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out, and the streams overflowed; can he give bread also? can he provide flesh for his people?

21

Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel;

22

Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation:

23

Though he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the doors of heaven,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel—divine wrath (qeṣep) isn't petulant reaction but holy response to covenant betrayal. The 'fire' ('ēš) at Taberah (Numbers 11:1-3) consumed the camp's outskirts as judgment, while 'anger' ('ap, literally 'nose burning') indicates God's righteous indignation at their libel against His character.

Paul warns: 'We must not put Christ to the test, as some of them did and were destroyed by serpents, nor grumble, as some of them did and were destroyed by the Destroyer' (1 Corinthians 10:9-10). God's wrath isn't arbitrary—it's the inevitable collision between holiness and rebellion. Yet Christ bore this fire: 'the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all' (Isaiah 53:6).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Taberah's fire occurred shortly before the quail plague (Numbers 11). The double judgment—fire and plague—demonstrated that God's patience has limits. Moses's intercession stopped the fire, prefiguring Christ's superior mediation (Hebrews 7:25).

Reflection Questions

  1. How should the reality of God's wrath inform your view of the cross where Christ absorbed that fire?
  2. What grumbling in your life invites the 'fire' of divine discipline?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
לָכֵ֤ן׀1 of 11
H3651

properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner

שָׁמַ֥ע2 of 11

heard

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

יְהוָ֗ה3 of 11

Therefore the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֥ר4 of 11

this and was wroth

H5674

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

וְ֭אֵשׁ5 of 11

so a fire

H784

fire (literally or figuratively)

נִשְּׂקָ֣ה6 of 11

was kindled

H5400

to catch fire

בְיַעֲקֹ֑ב7 of 11

against Jacob

H3290

jaakob, the israelitish patriarch

וְגַם8 of 11
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

אַ֝֗ף9 of 11

and anger

H639

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

עָלָ֥ה10 of 11

also came up

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

בְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃11 of 11

against Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 78:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 78:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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