King James Version

What Does Psalms 77:16 Mean?

Psalms 77:16 in the King James Version says “The waters saw thee, O God, the waters saw thee; they were afraid: the depths also were troubled. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 77 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The waters saw thee, O God, the waters saw thee; they were afraid: the depths also were troubled.

Psalms 77:16 · KJV


Context

14

Thou art the God that doest wonders: thou hast declared thy strength among the people.

15

Thou hast with thine arm redeemed thy people, the sons of Jacob and Joseph. Selah.

16

The waters saw thee, O God, the waters saw thee; they were afraid: the depths also were troubled.

17

The clouds poured out water: the skies sent out a sound: thine arrows also went abroad. poured: Heb. were poured forth with water

18

The voice of thy thunder was in the heaven: the lightnings lightened the world: the earth trembled and shook.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The waters saw thee, O God, the waters saw thee; they were afraid (רָאוּךָ מַּיִם אֱלֹהִים רָאוּךָ מַּיִם יָחִילוּ). The repetition "the waters saw thee... saw thee" emphasizes intensity. Ra'ah (רָאָה) is visual perception—the waters literally beheld God's presence. Chil (חִיל) means to writhe, tremble, or be in anguish—personifying the waters as sentient creatures terrified by divine presence. This recalls the Red Sea crossing and perhaps also creation itself (Genesis 1:2, Job 38:8-11).

The depths also were troubled (אַף־יִרְגְּזוּ תְהֹמוֹת). Tehom (תְּהוֹם) is the primordial deep, the chaotic waters of pre-creation (Genesis 1:2). Ragaz (רָגַז) means to quake, shake, or be disturbed. God's presence causes even primal chaos to convulse in terror. This cosmic imagery portrays the exodus as new creation—God conquering chaos to bring His people into ordered existence.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern cosmology viewed the sea as symbol of chaos and divine opposition (Babylonian Tiamat, Canaanite Yam). Israel's theology was radically different: Yahweh created the waters (Genesis 1:6-10), controls them (Job 38:8-11), and walks through them (Exodus 14:21-22). The Red Sea crossing demonstrated Yahweh's absolute sovereignty over cosmic forces. The New Testament applies this to Christ rebuking the sea (Mark 4:39) and walking on water (Matthew 14:25-27).

Reflection Questions

  1. What does it mean that even inanimate waters 'saw' and 'feared' God's presence?
  2. How does this cosmic imagery elevate the exodus from political liberation to new creation?
  3. How does Christ's mastery over the sea reveal His divine identity as Israel's God?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
רָא֣וּךָ1 of 9

saw

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

מַּ֣יִם2 of 9

The waters

H4325

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים3 of 9

thee O God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

רָא֣וּךָ4 of 9

saw

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

מַּ֣יִם5 of 9

The waters

H4325

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

יָחִ֑ילוּ6 of 9

thee they were afraid

H2342

properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e., (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; fi

אַ֝֗ף7 of 9
H637

meaning accession (used as an adverb or conjunction); also or yea; adversatively though

יִרְגְּז֥וּ8 of 9

also were troubled

H7264

to quiver (with any violent emotion, especially anger or fear)

תְהֹמֽוֹת׃9 of 9

the depths

H8415

an abyss (as a surging mass of water), especially the deep (the main sea or the subterranean watersupply)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 77:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 77:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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