King James Version

What Does Psalms 146:4 Mean?

Psalms 146:4 in the King James Version says “His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 146 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish.

Psalms 146:4 · KJV


Context

2

While I live will I praise the LORD: I will sing praises unto my God while I have any being.

3

Put not your trust in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom there is no help. help: or, salvation

4

His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish.

5

Happy is he that hath the God of Jacob for his help, whose hope is in the LORD his God:

6

Which made heaven, and earth, the sea, and all that therein is: which keepeth truth for ever:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish. Human mortality starkly portrayed—tetse rucho (תֵּצֵא רוּחוֹ) "his spirit goes out" at death, when ruach (רוּחַ) "breath/spirit" departs. Yashuv le'admato (יָשֻׁב לְאַדְמָתוֹ) "he returns to his ground"—wordplay on adam (אָדָם) "man" and adamah (אֲדָמָה) "ground," recalling Genesis 3:19, "dust you are, to dust you shall return."

In that very day his thoughts perish (bayyom hahu avĕdu eshtonotav, בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא אָבְדוּ עֶשְׁתֹּנֹתָיו)—eshtonot (עֶשְׁתֹּנֹת) "plans/schemes" immediately cease at death. The powerful prince who seemed able to help becomes utterly powerless instantly. This demolishes trust in human power and directs faith toward the immortal God alone.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The psalm was likely written post-exilic when Judah existed under successive empires (Persian, Greek, eventually Roman). The temptation to trust in imperial power for security and prosperity was constant. This verse reminded Israel that all empires rise and fall, but Yahweh reigns eternally.

Reflection Questions

  1. How should the certainty of death inform priorities, ambitions, and what we consider worthy of trust?
  2. What 'thoughts and plans' occupy your mind—eternal matters or perishing concerns?
  3. How can remembering human mortality without God foster evangelistic urgency?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
תֵּצֵ֣א1 of 8

goeth forth

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

ר֭וּחוֹ2 of 8

His breath

H7307

wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the

יָשֻׁ֣ב3 of 8

he returneth

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

לְאַדְמָת֑וֹ4 of 8

to his earth

H127

soil (from its general redness)

בַּיּ֥וֹם5 of 8

in that very day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַ֝ה֗וּא6 of 8
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

אָבְד֥וּ7 of 8

perish

H6

properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)

עֶשְׁתֹּנֹתָֽיו׃8 of 8

his thoughts

H6250

thinking


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 146:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 146:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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