King James Version

What Does Psalms 109:5 Mean?

Psalms 109:5 in the King James Version says “And they have rewarded me evil for good, and hatred for my love. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 109 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And they have rewarded me evil for good, and hatred for my love.

Psalms 109:5 · KJV


Context

3

They compassed me about also with words of hatred; and fought against me without a cause.

4

For my love they are my adversaries: but I give myself unto prayer.

5

And they have rewarded me evil for good, and hatred for my love.

6

Set thou a wicked man over him: and let Satan stand at his right hand. Satan: or, an adversary

7

When he shall be judged, let him be condemned: and let his prayer become sin. be condemned: Heb. go out guilty, or, wicked


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And they have rewarded me evil for good (וַיָּשִׂימוּ עָלַי רָעָה תַּחַת טוֹבָה, vayasimu alai ra'ah tachat tovah)—the preposition תַּחַת (tachat, "in place of") emphasizes substitution: evil instead of good, not alongside it. And hatred for my love (וְשִׂנְאָה תַּחַת אַהֲבָתִי, vesin'ah tachat ahavati)—the same substitution structure intensifies the betrayal.

This verse articulates the central grievance justifying the imprecations that follow. David isn't merely offended; he has suffered covenant betrayal. Proverbs 17:13 pronounces God's curse on those who "reward evil for good." Psalm 35:12 and 38:20 echo this complaint. The principle reaches its apex in Judas, who betrayed Jesus with a kiss after three years of intimacy (Luke 22:47-48). Peter applied Psalm 109:8 to Judas (Acts 1:20), confirming this psalm's messianic and typological significance.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

David's biography is marked by unreciprocated kindness: sparing Saul, honoring Jonathan's memory through Mephibosheth, treating Absalom with fatherly tenderness despite treason. Ancient Near Eastern reciprocity codes made this reversal especially heinous—hospitality and kindness created binding obligations.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does recognizing unrequited love as covenant betrayal (not mere ingratitude) help you process deep relational wounds?
  2. What does David's appeal to God's justice (rather than cynical withdrawal) teach about maintaining love despite betrayal?
  3. How does Judas's betrayal of Christ illuminate the gravity of rewarding evil for good in spiritual contexts?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
וַיָּ֘שִׂ֤ימוּ1 of 8

And they have rewarded

H7760

to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

עָלַ֣י2 of 8
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

רָ֭עָה3 of 8

me evil

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

תַּ֣חַת4 of 8
H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

טוֹבָ֑ה5 of 8

for good

H2896

good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good

וְ֝שִׂנְאָ֗ה6 of 8

and hatred

H8135

hate

תַּ֣חַת7 of 8
H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

אַהֲבָתִֽי׃8 of 8

for my love

H160

love


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 109:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 109:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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