King James Version

What Does Proverbs 31:12 Mean?

Proverbs 31:12 in the King James Version says “She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life. — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life.

Proverbs 31:12 · KJV


Context

10

Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies.

11

The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her, so that he shall have no need of spoil.

12

She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life.

13

She seeketh wool, and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands.

14

She is like the merchants' ships; she bringeth her food from afar.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life—The Hebrew contrast is stark: tov (טוֹב, good) versus ra' (רָע, evil/harm). The phrase all the days of her life (כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיהָ, kol yemei chayeha) emphasizes covenant permanence—not selective kindness but lifelong faithfulness. The verb gamal (גָּמַל, to deal with/requite) implies active, intentional benefit.

This echoes Ruth's hesed (חֶסֶד, covenant loyalty)—loyal love that endures beyond convenience. Marriage in Scripture is a creation ordinance and covenant sign (Genesis 2:24, Ephesians 5:31-32), reflecting Christ's unwavering commitment to His bride the church. The eshet chayil embodies this covenant faithfulness, doing good not from duty alone but from transformed character that images God's unchanging goodness.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern marriage contracts often included clauses about mutual obligations, but biblical marriage transcends contract into covenant—unconditional commitment reflecting God's relationship with His people. Divorce was permitted (Deuteronomy 24:1) but always as concession to hard hearts, never God's design.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does covenant faithfulness ('all the days of her life') differ from transactional relationships based on performance?
  2. In what practical ways can you 'do good and not evil' to those in your household today, even when unrewarded?
  3. How does Christ's 'good and not evil' toward His spiritually adulterous bride (the church) deepen your understanding of grace?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
גְּמָלַ֣תְהוּ1 of 7

She will do

H1580

to treat a person (well or ill), i.e., benefit or requite; by implication (of toil), to ripen, i.e., (specifically) to wean

ט֣וֹב2 of 7

him good

H2896

good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good

וְלֹא3 of 7
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

רָ֑ע4 of 7

and not evil

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

כֹּ֝֗ל5 of 7
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

יְמֵ֣י6 of 7

all the days

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

חַיֶּֽיה׃7 of 7

of her life

H2416

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 31:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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