King James Version

What Does Philemon 1:12 Mean?

Philemon 1:12 in the King James Version says “Whom I have sent again: thou therefore receive him, that is, mine own bowels: — study this verse from Philemon chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Whom I have sent again: thou therefore receive him, that is, mine own bowels:

Philemon 1:12 · KJV


Context

10

I beseech thee for my son Onesimus, whom I have begotten in my bonds:

11

Which in time past was to thee unprofitable, but now profitable to thee and to me:

12

Whom I have sent again: thou therefore receive him, that is, mine own bowels:

13

Whom I would have retained with me, that in thy stead he might have ministered unto me in the bonds of the gospel:

14

But without thy mind would I do nothing; that thy benefit should not be as it were of necessity, but willingly .


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Whom I have sent again—ὃν ἀνέπεμψα (hon anepempsa, whom I sent back/up)—ἀναπέμπω (anapempō, send back/send up) describes returning fugitive to owner. Roman law required fugitive slaves' return; Paul complies legally while revolutionizing the relationship spiritually. Thou therefore receive him, that is, mine own bowels (σὺ δὲ αὐτόν, τοῦτ᾽ ἔστιν τὰ ἐμὰ σπλάγχνα, προσλαβοῦ, sy de auton, tout estin ta ema splanchna, proslabou)—προσλαμβάνω (proslambanō, receive/welcome/accept).

τὰ ἐμὰ σπλάγχνα (ta ema splanchna, my bowels/heart)—Paul identifies with Onesimus so completely that receiving Onesimus equals receiving Paul himself. This echoes Jesus's teaching: receiving sent ones means receiving the Sender (Matthew 10:40, John 13:20). The apostle's representative becomes extension of apostle's person. Paul stakes his personal honor on Philemon's reception of Onesimus—rejection would personally wound Paul.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Fugitive slave laws permeated Roman society. Pliny's letters describe returning runaway slaves. Paul couldn't violate law by harboring fugitives indefinitely, but he transforms legal return into gospel opportunity. The letter travels with Onesimus and Tychicus (Colossians 4:7-9), providing safe passage. Paul's personal involvement (this letter) ensured Philemon couldn't punish Onesimus without betraying their friendship.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you receive people who've wronged you—with suspicion and grudging tolerance, or wholehearted welcome?
  2. When has someone so identified with another that rejecting one meant rejecting both—how did this affect your response?
  3. Do you use your relational influence to advocate for the marginalized and restore the outcast?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 11 words
ὃν1 of 11

Whom

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

ἀνέπεμψα·2 of 11

I have sent again

G375

to send up or back

σὺ3 of 11

thou

G4771

thou

δὲ4 of 11

therefore

G1161

but, and, etc

αὐτόν,5 of 11

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

τοῦτ'6 of 11
G5124

that thing

ἔστιν7 of 11
G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

τὰ8 of 11
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐμὰ9 of 11

is mine own

G1699

my

σπλάγχνα·10 of 11

bowels

G4698

an intestine (plural); figuratively, pity or sympathy

πρὸσλαβοῦ·11 of 11

receive

G4355

to take to oneself, i.e., use (food), lead (aside), admit (to friendship or hospitality)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Philemon. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Philemon 1:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Philemon 1:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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