King James Version

What Does Numbers 5:12 Mean?

Numbers 5:12 in the King James Version says “Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man's wife go aside, and commit a trespass against him, — study this verse from Numbers chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man's wife go aside, and commit a trespass against him,

Numbers 5:12 · KJV


Context

10

And every man's hallowed things shall be his: whatsoever any man giveth the priest, it shall be his.

11

And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

12

Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man's wife go aside, and commit a trespass against him,

13

And a man lie with her carnally , and it be hid from the eyes of her husband, and be kept close, and she be defiled, and there be no witness against her, neither she be taken with the manner;

14

And the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be defiled: or if the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be not defiled:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God addresses cases where 'any man's wife go aside, and commit a trespass against him.' The Hebrew 'satah' (go aside/turn away) and 'ma'al' (trespass/unfaithfulness) describe both physical and spiritual adultery. This law protected both accused wives from false accusations and husbands from genuine unfaithfulness. The jealousy offering (v.15) brought the matter before God for His judgment. This passage ultimately points to God's jealousy for His people's faithfulness (Ex 20:5, 34:14). Israel's covenant relationship with God was like marriage; idolatry was adultery (Jer 3:8, Ezek 16). Christ's relationship with the church continues this marriage imagery (Eph 5:25-32, Rev 19:7).

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Historical & Cultural Context

This unusual trial by ordeal (v.11-31) addressed suspicion of adultery without witnesses - impossible to prove or disprove through normal means. The woman drank bitter water mixed with dust from the tabernacle floor and words from a curse that were washed into it. If guilty, she would suffer physical consequences; if innocent, she'd conceive. Unlike pagan trials by ordeal (often designed to ensure guilty verdicts), this one protected innocent women while identifying guilt through divine intervention. The practice apparently fell into disuse before the New Testament era.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does understanding God's jealous love for your exclusive devotion affect your relationship with Him?
  2. What 'spiritual adultery' (worldly loves competing with God) needs to be brought before the Lord for judgment and cleansing?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
דַּבֵּר֙1 of 14

Speak

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

אֶל2 of 14
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

בְּנֵ֣י3 of 14

unto the children

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל4 of 14

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֖5 of 14

and say

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אֲלֵהֶ֑ם6 of 14
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אִישׁ֙7 of 14

man's

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אִישׁ֙8 of 14

man's

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

כִּֽי9 of 14
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

תִשְׂטֶ֣ה10 of 14

go aside

H7847

to deviate from duty

אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ11 of 14

wife

H802

a woman

וּמָֽעֲלָ֥ה12 of 14

and commit

H4603

properly, to cover up; used only figuratively, to act covertly, i.e., treacherously

ב֖וֹ13 of 14
H0
מָֽעַל׃14 of 14

a trespass

H4604

treachery, i.e., sin


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 5:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 5:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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